In this paper, a macro-model of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack is proposed. A comparative study is made by simulation for the proposed PEMFC macro-model and a reported PEMFC impedance model, which use for PEMFC dynamic a transfer function and an electrical circuit, respectively. The macro-model approximates the theoretical PEMFC current–voltage characteristic by a controll...

During the development and maintenance (life-cycle) process of SAS® macros, especially while they are already used for production purposes, it is very much recommended to keep a history of changes, additions and bug fixes along with the macro version number. Archiving of the production SAS program code should include the applied macro version or at least the applied macro version number. That w...

6.1 Chapter Summary In continuing efforts to understand urea phase connectivity in flexible polyurethane foams and its implications on physical properties, LiCl is used to alter the phase-separation behavior of slabstock foams. Comparisons are also drawn with plaque counterparts, which are prepared using the same polyol, isocyanate, and chain extender (water). LiCl is shown to alter the solid-s...

A SAS macro solution is presented for clustering of high dimensional low sample size (HDLLSS) data using a new algorithm based o p-values as similarity measure. The algorithm PPCLUST was developed by von Borries (2008) and implemented using SAS macro language with the macro autocall facility and window macro command for friendly interface. The SAS interface to JMP was used to run a SAS macro in...

Up to now, many properties of macro instructions of SCMFSA are described by the parahalting concepts. However, many practical programs are not always halting while they are halting for initialization states. For this reason, we propose initialization halting concepts. That a program is initialization halting (called ”InitHalting” for short) means it is halting for initialization states.In order...

Red, Edward, "A dynamic optimal trajectory generator for Cartesian Path following" (2000). All Faculty Publications. Paper 589. SUMMARY This paper considers a dynamic and adaptive trajectory generator for negotiating paths using S-curves. Applying constant jerk transitions between the constant acceleration and deceleration periods of the trajectory, the trajectory will optimally transition to t...

milk samples from high and low milk producer holstein cows, were obtained during the morning and afternoon milking over a one week period. overall, 1064 samples were tested within 14 times sampling in urmia, iran. milk macro-mineral concentrations in the morning milking and in low producers were greater than in the afternoon and in high producers. the highest and lowest concentrations were obse...

introduction: macro-ergonomics is an important factor that affects behavior, favorable performance and personnel’s efficiency that can cause conformity of employees by increasing labor and efficiency and in result decreasing employees’ stress amount. the aim of the present study was to investigate relationship between macro-ergonomics and occupational stress in employees working in one casting ...