introduction: the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is based primarily on the use of pentavalent antimonials, which may lead to many side effects limiting their use. photodynamic therapy (pdt) is an alternative for the treatment of cl, and some xanthene dyes have the potential for use in pdt. methods: the xanthenes rose bengal b (rb) and its derivatives rose bengal methyl ester (rbmet),...

Biological and histopathological techniques identified osteoclasts macrophages as targets of zoledronic acid (ZA), a therapeutic agent that was detrimental for patients in the French OS2006 trial. Conventional multiplex immunohistochemistry microenvironmental OS cells were performed on biopsies 124 17 surgical (“OSNew”) respectively. CSF-1R (common osteoclast/macrophage progenitor) TRAP (osteoc...

HIV-1 targets the monocyte/macrophage lineage and CD4+ T cells for its replication. The efficiency of infection, replication, cell-to-cell spread differs between these cell types. These differences are caused by various factors such as viral tropism, proteins, host factors, proliferation. However, precise mechanisms how macrophages influence infection have not been fully elucidated. Macrophages...

Inflammation is necessary for defense against pathogens, but chronic inflammation can promote tumor growth and enable tumors to escape from immune-mediated destruction. Recently, we demonstrated that deficiency of IL1β favors antitumor immunity, multiple clinical trials involving antibody mediated blockade in cancers are underway. We showed IL1α signaling was required blockade-induced leading t...

Mononuclear phagocytic leukocytes, as well as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, produce and release superoxide at rest, and this is stimulated by phagocytosis. Of the mouse monocytic cells studied, alveolar macrophages released the largest amounts of superoxide during phagocytosis, followed by normal peritoneal macrophages. Casein-elicited and "activated" macrophages released smaller quantities. In...

Reactive nitrogen is critical for the clearance of Francisella tularensis infections. Here we assess the role of nitric oxide in control of intracellular infections in two murine macrophage cell lines of different provenance: the alveolar macrophage cell line, MH-S, and the widely used peritoneal macrophage cell line, J774A.1. Cells were infected with the highly virulent Schu S4 strain or with ...

Macrophages play a complex role in tumor progression since they can exert both tumor-preventing (M1 macrophages) and tumor-promoting (M2 macrophages) activities. In colorectal carcinoma (CRC), at odds to many other cancers, macrophage infiltration has been correlated with an improved patient survival. In a recent study, we have evaluated the distribution of M1 and M2 macrophage subtypes in CRC ...

Thanks to major advances in cellular and molecular biology, our understanding of the origins, heterogeneity, and functions of monocytes and macrophages, both in health and disease, is evolving at a considerable pace. Only during the past 2 years, new monocyte and dendritic cell subsets have been identified; essential transcriptional and epigenetic regulators of monocyte and tissue macrophage sp...

Macrophages can change their phenotypes according to the changes in microenvironment, and thus have various functions, that is, macrophages polarization. Macrophage phenotype is associated with progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Studies shown a large accumulation p62 protein Whether affects level macrophage polarization inflammation its mechanism not clear. The levels treated ox-LDL were d...