mechanisms of wing vein formation have been well studied in Drosophila melanogaster, however little is known about if the mechanisms are conserved to develop diversified wing vein patterns among insects. In Drosophila, Dpp, BMP2/4 ortholog, is initially expressed at longitudinal veins and later at crossveins to specify both veins during pupal stages. Using a GFP tagged Dpp, we first addressed h...

Extensive survey of meiotic metaphase II arrest during oocyte maturation in vertebrates revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway regulated by the c-mos proto-oncogene product, Mos, has an essential role in cytostatic activity, termed cytostatic factor (CSF). In contrast, little is known in invertebrates in which meiotic arrest occurs in most cases at metaphase I (MI arr...

This study was designed to investigate the antifungal activity of a hydroalcoholic extract from Flos Rosae Chinensis (FRC) combined with fluconazole (FCZ) against clinical isolates of Candida albicans resistant to FCZ. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of FRC was determined using a checkerboard microdilution assay. The synergistic effects of the combination of FRC and FCZ against clini...

mechanisms of wing vein formation have been well studied in Drosophila melanogaster, however little is known about if the mechanisms are conserved to develop diversified wing vein patterns among insects. In Drosophila, Dpp, BMP2/4 ortholog, is initially expressed at longitudinal veins and later at crossveins to specify both veins during pupal stages. Using a GFP tagged Dpp, we first addressed h...

mechanisms of wing vein formation have been well studied in Drosophila melanogaster, however little is known about if the mechanisms are conserved to develop diversified wing vein patterns among insects. In Drosophila, Dpp, BMP2/4 ortholog, is initially expressed at longitudinal veins and later at crossveins to specify both veins during pupal stages. Using a GFP tagged Dpp, we first addressed h...

Subterranean ecosystems harbor globally rare fauna and important water resources, but ecological processes are poorly understood and are threatened by anthropogenic stresses. Ecosystem analyses were conducted from 1997 to 2000 in Cave Springs Cave, Arkansas, situated in a region of intensive land use, to determine the degree of habitat degradation and viability of endangered fauna. Organic matt...

The cDNA of Apis mellifera vitellogenin was cloned and sequenced. It is 5440 bp long and contains an ORF of 1770 amino acids (including a putative signal peptide of 16 residues). The deduced amino acid sequence shows significant similarity with other hymenopteran vitellogenins (58% with Pimpla nipponica and 54% with Athalia rosae). The alignment with 19 insect vitellogenins shows a high number ...

Interactions between plants and microbiomes play a key role in ecosystem functioning are of broad interest due to their influence on nutrient cycling plant protection. However, we do not yet have complete understanding how assembled. Here, tested quantified the effect different factors driving diversity composition plant-associated microbial communities. We manipulated soil (high or low diversi...