Transient silencing made permanent A ll cancers have genes that are permanently silenced by DNA methylation. Yeshayahu Schlesinger, Howard Cedar (The Hebrew University, Israel), and colleagues, and Martin Widschwendter (UCL, London, UK), Peter Laird (USC, Los Angeles, CA), and colleagues inspect these irreversibly silenced genes. In normal tissues, they fi nd, these genes carry transient repres...

Dynamic complexity is concerned with updating the output of a problem when the input is slightly changed. We study the dynamic complexity of model checking a fixed monadic secondorder formula over evolving subgraphs of a fixed maximal graph having bounded tree-width; here the subgraph evolves by losing or gaining edges (from the maximal graph). We show that this problem is in DynFO (with LOGSPA...

In environmental applications such as forestry, the capture of the polygonal structuring of the data is expensive in terms of hardware, software and labour due largely to difficulties in constructing a topologically complete map. This paper will show that, for many applications, topological structuring and data entry methods may be made quite simple, The example used is a paper map of forest po...

M any of us have been faced with this situation: we found a certain field of research intriguing, went to an online archive to search for related papers, and the results were just less than satisfactory: they are too unstructured to obtain a big picture, such as how this field evolves over time, what sub-fields it is composed of. Instead of relying on human instinct for such insights, our proje...

Kratzer’s picture [, , ]: • Modals are quantifiers over possible worlds. • Possibility modals are existential quantifiers, necessity modals are universal quantifiers. They are duals of each other. • Modals quantify over the worlds given by a background such as “in view of what the laws are” (i.e. the worlds compatible with what the laws are in the evaluation world). • The “ambiguity” betwe...

324 British Journal of General Practice, June 2013 My next patient walks in confidently wearing a big smile. All the training I’ve done in non-verbal communication kicks in and I suspect that his depression is starting to get better. He hands me a PHQ-9 with a flourish which confirms my initial impressions. I’m usually sceptical of these scoring tools, but this is no ordinary PHQ-9, this a luxu...

Coset enumeration, based on the methods described by Todd & Coxeter, is one of the basic tools for investigating nitely presented groups. The process is not well understood, and various pathological presentations of, for example, the trivial group have been suggested as challenge problems. Here we consider one such presentation. We show that it is much easier than it rst appears, albeit at the ...

In this paper, Finite-State-Automata (FSA) and theorem-proving approaches to spoken dialogue systems (SLDS) are contrasted to each other. FSA are too rigid to deal with unpredictable user reactions, such as corrections or counter-questions, whereas plan-based approaches are usually too complex to be effectively used, given the unreliability of word recognition and the elliptical and unconven-ti...

We give in this paper a different and simpler proof of the tractability of Mal’tsev contraints.

The purpose of this paper is to give actuaries an easy‐to‐use approach to modelling stochastic mortality. Whilst the approach described can be used with tailor‐made projections, it can also be applied to published base tables and improvement factors. The methodology is not particularly new or ground‐breaking; however, it is hopefully accessible and will allow actuaries to use a stochastic app...