Gauge fields are central in our modern understanding of physics at all scales. At the highest energy scales known, the microscopic universe is governed by particles interacting with each other through the exchange of gauge bosons. At the largest length scales, our Universe is ruled by gravity, whose gauge structure suggests the existence of a particle-the graviton-that mediates the gravitationa...

The development of modern mechanical engineering forces us to constantly improve the technology processing materials and look for ways not only quality products but also increase efficiency process itself. This article discusses an alternative method finish product, which can replace traditional grinding, magnetic abrasive treatment. is a solution that allows you obtain high surface processed p...

Abstract It has been difficult to detach smaller abrasive nano-particles from polished surfaces. In this article, we observed the behaviors of Ø50, 70, and 300 nm SiO 2 particles on a silica surface in an inevitable liquid nano-scale shear flow field as rinse cleaning by using evanescent light. These results implied that larger-sized were detached because quantitative moment acting particle is ...

in this study, the feasibility of using magnetic technology to reduce the dispersion of soil has been investigated. the reference treatment was potable water and 3 magnetic water devices (with different magnetic intensities) were used for magnetizing the potable water. the results showed that the magnetic field has a significant effect in order of 5 percent on increasing of magnesium concentrat...