Mammalian spermatogenesis is a highly regulated multistage process of sperm generation. It is hard to uncover the real function of a testis specific gene in vitro since the in vitro model is not yet mature. With the development of the CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated 9) system, we can now rapidly generate knockout mouse models of testis sp...

Gh plays important roles in development, somatic growth and gametogenesis in vertebrates. To determine the physiological role of Gh in reproduction in male teleosts, the expression of genes encoding Gh and the two Gh receptors (Ghrs) during spermatogenesis, and the action of Gh in vitro was examined using the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). gh, ghr1 and ghr2 mRNA transcripts were detected in ...

OBJECTIVE Tyrosine kinase inhibitors may have deleterious effects on spermatogenesis or folliculogenesis, resulting in male or female subfertility. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of nilotinib, which is used routinely to treat chronic myeloid leukemia, on spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis by using histopathological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten male and ten female ...

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) have mitogenic and antiapoptotic functions, and may be involved in tumor growth. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of IGF components in seminoma compared to normal testis. Normal testicular tissues from autopsy cases and seminoma from surgery cases were obtained for microarray and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-...

Infertility concerns a minimum of 70 million couples worldwide. An important proportion of cases is believed to have a genetic component, yet few causal genes have been identified so far. In a previous study, we demonstrated that a homozygous mutation (c.144delC) in the Aurora Kinase C (AURKC) gene led to the production of large-headed polyploid multi-flagellar spermatozoa, a primary infertilit...

Testicular Sertoli cells (Sc) are main somatic component of seminiferous tubules that govern the differentiation of germ cells (Gc) and provide them physical support. Sc are the target of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) which are known to regulate spermatogenesis. FSH and T levels in human and sub-human male primates remain high during infancy (4-6 months post birth), si...

Experimental work on the maintenance and the restoration of spermatogenesis after hypophysectomy by -the administration of androgens has been limited to the smaller laboratory animals (rats, mice, guinea-pigs, rabbits, ground-squirrels, and pigeons). Rats have been the animals most commonly used. In them the period of time during which spermatogenesis has been maintained following hypophysectom...

The formation of mature spermatozoa is one of the most essential functions in life. A concerted sequence of events is needed to proliferate, maintain and mature germ cells starting with spermatogonial stem cells and culminating in mature gametes. Apart from the genetic background, this process requires highly organized tissue in which the complex process of spermatogenesis is strongly regulated...

The past several decades witnessed great advances in the Andrology Sciences in humans. This certainly increased our knowledge in understanding the process of spermatogenesis, capacitation, and fertilization. Much of this work has been acquired from animal experimentation (1, 2, 3). However, the introduction of assisted reproductive technology improved our understanding of the process of fertili...

Spermatogenesis is a strictly regulated process, at both the transcriptional and the posttranscriptional level, which allows continuous gamete production throughout adulthood. A novel mechanism of posttranscriptional control mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs) has lately emerged as an important regulator of spermatogenesis. miRNAs are endogenous, small, noncoding RNAs produced through a multistep en...