In the process of reading sometimes readers have difficulty identifying meaning words correctly, especially with affixes prefixes and suffixes. The writer had made three objects research. first research is to find out how many were used in poetry “The Forerunner” by Kahlil Gibran, second what types third dominant use Gibran. this study, uses a descriptive mixed method that described, identi...

Abstract This paper explores the middle voice in Kagulu, a Bantu language of Tanzania. Although not traditionally recognized languages, recent research has asserted that is attested some languages. We propose eight affixes might be considered markers, Kagulu two are part system, each one coding different detransitivizing voices. argue that, from diachronic viewpoint, underdeveloped syncretism K...

Grammar writers sometimes approach g rammar writ ing as if the language being described were the only language in the world. In contrast, this book reports on the parallel deve lopment of computat ional grammars for three languages: English, French, and German. At the time the book was written, the "ParGram" (Parallel Grammars) project included researchers f rom the Xerox Palo Alto Research Cen...

Morphological analysis refers to the art of separating a word into its base units of meaning, or morphemes. Many popular approaches to this, including Porter’s algorithm, have been rule-based. These rule-based algorithms however, generally only perform stemming, the identification of root morphemes, which is only a part of morphological analysis. Such algorithms can only reasonably be applied t...

This study aims to investigate the relationships between the forms and functions of the Tense-Aspect-Modality categories. Bybee’s hypothesis (1985) was tested against Yami data to discover how the categories of tense, aspect, and mood interact to support the iconicity hypothesis. The morphemic order and the degree of fusion are not arbitrary, in that the categories that most affect the meanings...

When large social-media platforms allow users to easily form and self-organize into interest groups, highly related communities can arise. For example, the Reddit site hosts not just a group called food, but also HealthyFood, foodhacks, foodporn, and cooking, among others. Are these highly related communities created for similar classes of reasons (e.g., to focus on a subtopic, to create a plac...