Counterfactual thoughts are mental representations of alternatives to past events. Recent research has shown counterfactual thinking to be a pervasive cognitive process in normal populations and has linked it to effective problem-solving and decision-making. The present research demonstrates that counterfactual thinking is impaired in schizophrenia patients relative to normal control subjects; ...

Craving is only one component of the mental processes that influence drinking behavior. Alcohol-related cues (ARCs) can set in motion a dynamic competition between inclinations to approach drinking and inclinations to avoid drinking. Craving can thus be integrated into a comprehensive model of decisionmaking in which ambivalence or conflict is a key element. The relative strength of each compon...

The theory of probabilistic mental models (PMM; G. Gigerenzer, U. Hoffrage, & H. Kleinbölting, 1991) has had a major influence on the field of judgment and decision making, with the most recent important modifications to PMM theory being the identification of several fast and frugal heuristics (G. Gigerenzer & D. G. Goldstein, 1996). These heuristics were purported to provide psychologically pl...

today’s world economy situation forces enterprise organizations toward more soft and flexible organization, management, and production processes. they need to explore the most suitable knowledge management (km) tool not only to identify gaps and overlaps but also to maintain and support innovation cross organizations. in this study, a multiple-experts-multiple-criteria decision making model is ...

although the importance of patient participation in the design and evaluation of health programs and services is well-documented, there is scarcity of research with regard to patient association (pa) participation in health policy decision-making processes. to this end, the present study aimed to validate further a previously developed instrument as well as to investigate the degree of pa parti...

meaning is both the reference and the content and their concomitant mental associations. the current research aims to find the meaning of home and its constituents in the everyday life of house residents. in this perspective, we seek to investigate this meaning-making processes through exploring the represented houses in four iranian movies in tehran. therefore, “freeway”, “sealed secret”, “sa’...