Objectives: Both, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and malnutrition are major challenges in pregnancy postpartum low-resource settings the respective cytokine levels remain poorly described. The main objectives of this study were to find immune markers that associated with HIV pregnant women determine how these would change at 14 weeks postpartum.Method: Pregnant least 20 gestationa...

Normal fetal adipose tissue (AT) development is essential for perinatal well-being. AT, or simply fat, stores energy in the form of lipids. Malnourishment may result excessive depleted adiposity. Although previous studies showed a correlation between amount AT and outcome, prenatal assessment limited by lacking quantitative methods. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 3D fat- water-only ima...

In recent years, human health has begun to face a new type of crisis. While the greatest risks of mortality in previous centuries were attributed to acute infectious disease, chronic metabolic disease is rapidly becoming a more significant concern, particularly in developed nations. According to the World Health Organization [1] , 65% of the world’s population now live in countries where obesit...

BACKGROUND There is no local data about rickets available in Hazara Division, while clinical experience suggests that problem exists in this area with abundant sunlight. We carried out this study with an objective to determine presence, presentation and predisposing factors of rickets in pediatrics population of Hazara Division. METHODS This study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics, Ay...

Because chronic kidney disease is a growing health concern, family physicians must be equipped to care for this unique patient population. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension, which are commonly addressed in the office setting, are the largest contributors to chronic kidney disease; therefore, these risk factors should be tightly controlled and these patients should be screened closely for signs...

I n his article, " Does India Really Suffer from Worse Child Malnutrition Than Sub-Saharan Africa? " , Arvind Pana-gariya makes an impassioned case against accepting traditional measures that indicate that Indian children suffer from worse malnutrition than their African counterparts. This phenomenon – that Indian children are more stunted despite the coun-try's better performance on an array o...

The clinical spectrum for celiac disease (CD) is broad and includes cases with either typical (intestinal) or atypical (extraintestinal) features, often making the diagnosis of CD very difficult.We describe the case of a girl presenting with stunted growth and malnourishment. She was evaluated at 14 months for decreased growth rate without any signs of gastrointestinal, renal or endocrine disor...

The estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) is a critical transcription factor that regulates epithelial cell proliferation and ductal morphogenesis during postnatal mammary gland development. Tissue recombination and transplantation studies using the first generation of ERalpha knockout (ERKO) mice suggested that this steroid hormone receptor is required in the mammary stroma that subsequently exert...

Aged care has been in the news frequently this year, often not in the most positive light. Reports of facilities failing to provide basic care have hit the media regularly. In September, the Dominion Post reported incidents of neglect, preventing the elderly receiving appropriate care.1 Conflicting opinions on whether the number of complaints is increasing or not, only add to the confusion abou...

BACKGROUND Few studies have assessed global nutritional assessment tools and body-composition measurements in gynecologic cancer patients. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the convergent validity of different nutritional tools such as the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), serum albumin, skinfold-thickness measurements, and total-body potassium (TBK) and body density ...