A prospective descriptive observational study using WHO indicator forms and questionnaire was carried out in Kibaha district public primary health care facilities. We assessed knowledge about drugs in mothers/guardians of sick children under age five years immediately after consulting clinicians and after receiving drugs from the dispenser. The questionnaires had closed- and open-ended question...

The Medawars explain that their "philosophical dictionary of biology" is in spirit the biological companion to Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary. At times the wit, insight, and humanism in these brief essays meet the challenge. At other times, however, the dictionary format constrains the authors to writing long definitions. The Medawars preface this book by suggesting that it is intended for...

To most theorists of democracy in the West, India is an embarrassing anomaly and hence largely avoided. By most theoretical stipulations India should not have survived as a democracy: ƒ it's too poor ƒ its citizens largely rural and uneducated ƒ its civic institutions rather weak. ƒ It is a paradox even for those who believe in a positive relationship between economic equality or social homogen...

BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) is an occupational health hazard in both low and high income countries. To design WPV prevention programs, prior knowledge and understanding of conditions in the targeted population are essential. This study explores and describes the views of drivers and conductors on the causes of WPV and ways of preventing it in the road passenger transport sector in Maput...

BACKGROUND Adolescence in girls has been recognized as a special period marked with the onset of menarche. Even though menstruation is a natural process, it is associated with misconceptions, malpractices and challenges among girls in developing countries. However, much is not documented; school-absenteeism and dropout are a common problem among girls in rural Ethiopia. Focusing among school gi...

The business of payments and the provision of payment instruments have a rich history, which can be drawn upon in a discussion of standardization. In the middle-ages, for example, the mere existence of a wide variety of foreign and local coins led to a flourishing business of money exchange offices and cashiers in the Netherlands. Malpractices of some of these firms, mostly in the form of physi...

The Medawars explain that their "philosophical dictionary of biology" is in spirit the biological companion to Voltaire's Philosophical Dictionary. At times the wit, insight, and humanism in these brief essays meet the challenge. At other times, however, the dictionary format constrains the authors to writing long definitions. The Medawars preface this book by suggesting that it is intended for...

Authenticating the students’ identity and authenticity of their work is increasingly important to reduce academic malpractices and for quality assurance purposes in Education. There is a growing body of research about technological innovations to combat cheating and plagiarism. However, the literature is very limited on the impact of e-authentication systems across distinctive end-users because...

THIS is a disappointing book. The reader gains the impression that the author has searched the world's medical literature to reveal procedures to which patients have been submitted that he thinks to be unpleasant, hazardous and unjustified. There is little evidence that anything more than a search of the literature has been undertaken. I would have been more impressed if the author had shown th...

DEAR EDITOR Rhinoplasty is the most popular cosmetic surgical procedure in Iran. Akbari Sari et al. in 2011 reported 180 cases of rhinoplasty per 100,000 populations (a total of 134,766 surgeries per year).1 This is considered as one of the world’s highest rates of rhinoplasty.2 Because of the Islamic dress code for women practiced in Iran, which leaves only their faces exposed, the nose is ver...