This study proposes a BOPS (buy online and pick up in store) model for two-echelon supply chain, considering the product return risk to reach an equilibrium result of two omni-channel integration modes, managed by manufacturer or retailer, respectively. Furthermore, this analyzes impacts service cost coefficient consumer loyalty offline channel on optimal price, decision, profit different modes...

We study a dual channel supply chain in which a manufacturer sells to a retailer as well as to consumers directly. Consumers choose the purchase channel based on price and service qualities. The manufacturer decides the price of the direct channel and the retailer decides both price and order quantity. We develop conditions under which the manufacturer and the retailer share the market in equil...

This article studies a supply chain composed of a manufacturer and two competing retailers. The manufacturer produces two substitutable products and offers respective service levels to customers who buy one of the two products. Each retailer can only order one kind of product from the manufacturer, and then sell them to the market at a certain sale price. The demands for two products are influe...

Under the background of low-carbon economy, cross-shareholding is introduced into closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) composed a manufacturer and retailer, centralized three decentralized decision-making models with different channel power structures are constructed. The recovery, emission reduction, pricing decisions CLSC studied, two-part-tariff contract proposed to coordinate CLSC. results indic...

In this paper, we consider a two level dual channel green supply chain consisting of retailer and manufacturer with separate sales for the manufacturer. The uses technology in its production is required to produce accordance cap trade regulation. Using game theory, compare cases where members decide compete or cooperate each other terms pricing production. Our main contributions are studying mo...

In recent years, comprehensive researches have provided ample support for the supply chains in the coordinated decision-making framework. However, the issue of closed-loop supply chain coordination considering various transportation modes has not yet been addressed in the literature. In this paper, a two-echelon closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer is investigate...

Carbon tax regulation and consumers' low-carbon preference act as incentives for firms to abate emissions. Manufacturers can improve product sustainability and retailers can strengthen the promotion of low-carbon products as part of such abatement. Current incomplete rationality also affects product sustainability and low-carbon promotion level. In this context, we consider a supply chain with ...

Drawing on empirical and experimental research into the composition and development of trust, we construct a multi-period model to examine the role of trust in a supply chain. We specifically focus on trust building in the context of a wholesale salesperson who acts as a representative of a manufacturer and shares demand forecast information with a retailer. The actions of the salesperson affec...

This article develops a dynamic game model of a supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer to study the coordination mechanism and the effect of demand disruption on the coordination mechanism, where the market demand is sensitive to retail price and service. We assume that the supplier and the retailer only know the distribution of the disrupted amount after the demand disrup...

Nowadays, coordination between members in a supply chain has become very important and beneficial to channel members. Through cooperative advertising, manufacturers and retailers can jointly participate in promotional programs. This action not only reduces the cost of advertising, but also is important to create a link with local retailers in order to increase immediate sales at the retail leve...