Background & Aims of the Study: Due to one-way flow of water in rivers Guilan, pollution trade theory and the system of Ratio-Trade (TRS) and Streeter - Phelps equation has been used. This system, with a view of the river self- purification and how the distribution and transport of pollutants, determined Ratio-Trade system (TRS) between the units and using this method offers optimal pat...

The optimal pollution abatement levels are found by maximizing global social welfare in a permit and no-permit trade systems under the constrain that environmental goods are evaluated equally in rich and poor countries. Evaluating equally environmental goods in poor and rich countries makes possible to build a relation between the income elasticity of marginal utility e and the inequality avers...

Households accounted for 35% of total UK electricity consumption in 2019 and have considerable potential to support the target net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050. However, there is little understanding reduce from household energy systems using emissions-responsive battery charging, existing investigations use average factors rather than marginal. To understand overall carbon reduction systems, a l...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: C14 D24 O13 O44 Q53 Q56 Keywords: Shadow price Emissions trading Directional distance function Marginal abatement cost Coal power plant Shadow prices, also termed marginal abatement costs, provide valuable guidelines to support environmental regulatory policies for CO 2 , SO 2 and NO x , the key contributors to climate change. This paper complements the...

This study aims to clarify the relationship between environmental performance and financial by introducing clean technology as moderating variable. We contest two major theories, natural resource-based view theory neoclassical theory, reveal a comprehensive understanding of performance's impact on performance. The hypotheses are tested 111 global oil gas companies using dynamic panel generalize...

This paper empirically tests pollution abatement efforts of Chinese industries in response to pollution regulations, especially the pollution charge instrument practiced in China for about 20 years. The impacts of pollution regulation on abatement expenditures are examined for one thousand large and medium Chinese industrial polluters. The results show that plant-level expenditures on end-of-pi...

Salmon aquaculture generates good output (i.e., salmon) and bad output (e.g., pollution). A joint production function approach is applied to model both outputs simultaneously. Two environmental production technologies are specified, namely, regulated and unregulated technologies. Two production functions with different mapping rules are applied. Pollution abatement costs are estimated based on ...

We ask whether the threat of carbon tariffs might lower the cost of reductions in world carbon emissions by inducing unregulated regions to adopt emission controls. We use a calibrated simulation model to generate the payoffs of a game in which a coalition regulates its own emissions and chooses whether or not to employ carbon tariffs against unregulated regions. Unregulated regions respond by ...

This paper examines a twofold problem: ...rst, transboundary pollution calls for negotiations among neighboring countries. Second, each country consists of a clean and a polluting region, while bene...ts from abatement activities occur in either region. In turn, the tasks of an internal cost sharing and external negotiations have to be appointed to either the federal or the regional level. The ...