This paper examines the importance of competition in the growth and development of firms. We make use of the large-scale natural experiment of the shift from an economic system without competition to a market economy to shed light on the factors that influence innovation by firms and their subsequent growth. Our data come from a survey of nearly 4,000 firms in 24 transition countries. These dat...

This paper examines the importance of competition in the growth and development of firms. We make use of the large-scale natural experiment of the shift from an economic system without competition to a market economy to shed light on the factors that influence innovation by firms and their subsequent growth. Our data come from a survey of nearly 4,000 firms in 24 transition countries. These dat...

This study empirically examines the effect of hospital competition on prescribing behaviors of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) for ambulatory care in a market setting where hospitals are classified into three levels according to the Taiwanese accreditation system. Without distinguishing the types of market structures and hospital levels, there might be no significant relationship between hospit...

Research and work on this paper benefited from the generous support of Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.-2-Market competition is being introduced into the telecommunications sector in all of the advanced economies as the only means to navigate the profound, discontinuous technological and economic changes currently being experienced as digital information infrastructures emerge. Market competition is...

We study the effects of thickness and competition on the equilibria of ride-sharing markets, in which price-setting firms provide platforms to match customers (“riders”) and workers (“drivers”). To study thickness, we vary the number of potential workers (“the labor pool”) and, to study competition, we change the number of firms from one to two. When the market is sufficiently thick, wage and w...

Between the 1970s and 2009 the Swedish pharmacy market was characterized by a governmental monopoly with Apoteket AB as the only market-actor. By the year 2009, market reforms and re-regulations allowed private companies to enter the pharmacy market. Still, pertaining to existing regulations (e.g the pricing of prescription drugs) the market cannot be described as entirely free. The purpose of ...

This paper briefly elaborates a cognitive concept of competition by way of semantic associations in the light of marketing theory. It focuses the market for conference activities in the inner city of Stockholm by asking ‘what is competition?’. The result shows that words such as ‘enemy’, ‘destroy’, and ‘conflict’ are not very much associated with words derived from ‘competition’, something indi...

This Article focuses in part on what the approach to market definition in the EC reveals about its competition policy generally. There are additional reasons why lawyers should consider market definition issues. In the two sections of this Article, the EC approach to market definition will be examined. The treatment of market definition under Articles 85 and 86 is considered first, followed by ...

We provide a model of the impact of bank mergers on loan competition, individual reserve management and aggregate liquidity risk. Banks hold reserves against liquidity shocks, refinance in the interbank market and compete in a differentiated loan market. A merger creates an internal money market that induces financial cost advantages and may increase reserve holdings. We assess the liquidity ri...

Sandra E. Black is an economist in the Research and Market Analysis Group, Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The opinions expressed here are the author’s and do not necessarily reflect opinions of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. How competition affects the ability of companies to favor particular groups is a longstanding issue in the economics literature. In ...