This paper extends the literature on trade liberalization and firm productivity by examining the complementarities between the speed of contract enforcement and the productivity gains from input tariff liberalization. It does so by using firm-level panel data from India along with objective measures of judicial efficiency at the state level. Consistent with the main proposition derived from a s...

Asian emerging markets have experienced both market liberalization and financial crisis. During the periods covering these two events, I show that the existing asset pricing models are unable to fully capture the risk in the small size, large size, glamour and value portfolios. I hypothesize that these two events changed the degree of market integration, thus varying the risk exposures in portf...

In this paper we study how trade liberalization affects the location and product scope of firms. We find that largest most productive multi-product firms concentrate to larger market as a result liberalization. presence relocation costs, also these will expand their in while smaller contract or it degree. The adjustment firms’ can therefore be substitute for firm relocation, cost introducing ne...

Rural populations in Southern Africa are exposed to climatic variability and change; such natural pressures, however, interact with other global social processes to shape local vulnerability. Farmers have traditionally coped with crop failure through engaging in a multitude of alternative sources of food and income, most depending on local natural resources, informal networks and local skills a...