A spatio-temporal analysis was carried out to see how the risk distribution of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in France changed depending on the period of birth. The data concerned the 539 BSE cases born in France after the ban (BAB) of meat and bone meal (MBM) in 1990 and detected between July 1, 2001 and December 31, 2003, when the surveillance of BSE was comprehensive. Seventy-two of...

background: about 21 millions premature and low birth weight (lbw) infants are born in the world every year where the majority of them are in the middle east countries. the literatures have shown that lbw infants and premature infants have a smaller chance to survive than the normal ones. this research carried out to determine the situation of catch up growth of lbw infants in comparison with n...

BACKGROUND No consensus exists on screening to detect the estimated 2 million Americans unaware of their chronic hepatitis C infections. Advisory groups differ, recommending birth-cohort screening for baby boomers, screening only high-risk individuals, or no screening. We assessed one-time risk assessment and screening to identify previously undiagnosed 40-74 year-olds given newly available hep...

BACKGROUND To tackle the high prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in North Korea, it is essential that birth doses of HBV vaccines should be administered within 24 hours of birth. As the country fails to provide a Timely Birth Dose (TBD) of HBV vaccine, the efforts of reducing the high prevalence of HBV have been significantly hampered. METHODS To examine the cost-effectiveness of...

Traditional queueing theory deals mainly with one-dimensional stochastic processes like queue or orbit length, virtual or actual waiting or sojourn time, busy period, etc. Discrete or continuous time one-dimensional Markov chains and renewal theory are the main tools for their investigation. However, the increasing complexity of the modern telecommunication networks (heterogeneous bursty correl...

We consider continuous-time (not necessarily finite) Markov chains on discrete spaces and identify a curvature-dimension inequality, the condition CDϒ(κ,∞), which serves as natural analogue of classical Bakry-Émery CD(κ,∞) in several respects. In particular, it is tailor-made to approach proofing modified logarithmic Sobolev inequality via computing estimating second time derivative entropy alo...