When the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates binds, monetary policy cannot provide appropriate stimulus. We show that in the standard New Keynesian model, tax policy can deliver such stimulus at no cost and in a time-consistent manner. There is no need to use ine¢ cient policies such as wasteful public spending or future commitments to in‡ate. We conclude that in the New Keynesian model,...

US federal transfers to individuals are large, countercyclical, vary geographically, and often credited with helping stabilize regional economies. This paper estimates the short-run effects of these using plausibly exogenous variation in temporary stimulus payments permanent Social Security benefit increases. States that received larger tended grow faster contemporaneously, a multiplier around ...

the ongoing study aims at a brief pathology on saving in iran's private sector. the factors effect on saving in private sector have been introduced, including oil revenues, real interest rate of banking long-term deposits, ratio of stocks transactions value to gross national production (gnp), proportion of employed population to total population, inflation rate and gini coefficient during ...

Switching costs may facilitate monopoly pricing in a market with price competition between two suppliers of a homogenous good, provided the switching cost is above some critical level. It is also well known that asymmetric size of customer bases makes monopoly pricing more difficult. Adding consumer heterogeneity to the model we demonstrate that also composition of each firm’s customer base aff...

I investigate cointegrating relationships such that, even though the long-run attractors are assumed to be linear, the dynamics of the equilibrium errors depends on the business cycle. I postulate a Markov-switching common stochastic trends model to study both the short-run responses to permanent shocks and the e/ects of recessions in the long-run growth. I apply these 0ndings to explore the sh...

In this paper we empirically study the relation between public debt and economic growth. We analyze how the public debt to GDP ratio at a certain point in time is correlated with the GDP growth rate in the following period, where we consider a one-year time span, a three-years time interval and a five-years interval. Using panel data comprising seven developed countries from 1970-2012, we estim...

How are the optimal tax and debt policies affected if government can default on its debt? We address this question from a normative perspective in an economy with noncontingent debt, domestic default, labor taxes. On one hand, prevents incurring future distortions associated servicing debt. other risk gives rise to endogenous credit limits that hinder government's ability smooth characterize fi...

We examine the nonlinear one-step forward-looking model, in which the current state is a function of the (subjective) expected value of a nonlinear function of the state next period. Stationary Markov Sunspot Equilibria (SSEs) are known to exist near an indeterminate steady state, i.e. when the derivative of the function at the steady state is bigger than one in absolute value. We show that the...