A Roman dominating function (RDF) on a graph $G = (V, E)$ is a labeling $f : V rightarrow {0, 1, 2}$ suchthat every vertex with label $0$ has a neighbor with label $2$. The weight of $f$ is the value $f(V) = Sigma_{vin V} f(v)$The Roman domination number, $gamma_R(G)$, of $G$ is theminimum weight of an RDF on $G$.An RDF of minimum weight is called a $gamma_R$-function.A graph G is said to be $g...

A set $S subseteq V(G)$ is a semitotal dominating set of a graph $G$ if it is a dominating set of $G$ andevery vertex in $S$ is within distance 2 of another vertex of $S$. Thesemitotal domination number $gamma_{t2}(G)$ is the minimumcardinality of a semitotal dominating set of $G$.We show that the semitotal domination problem isAPX-complete for bounded-degree graphs, and the semitotal dominatio...

OF THE DISSERTATION Applications and Variations of Domination in Graphs by Paul Andrew Dreyer, Jr. Dissertation Director: Fred S. Roberts In a graph G = (V, E), S ⊆ V is a dominating set of G if every vertex is either in S or joined by an edge to some vertex in S. Many different types of domination have been researched extensively. This dissertation explores some new variations and applications...

A two-valued function f defined on the vertices of a graph G (V, E), I : V -+ {-I, I}, is a signed dominating function if the sum of its function values over any closed neighborhood is at least one. That is, for every v E V, f(N[v]) 2: 1, where N(v] consists of v and every vertex adjacent to v. The of a signed dominating function is ICV) = L f( v), over all vertices v E V. The signed domination...

Let G = (V,E) be a nontrivial, finite, and connected graph. A function c from E to {1,2,...,k},k ∈ N, can considered as rainbow k-coloring if every two vertices x y in has an x- path. Therefore, no path's edges receive the same color; this condition is called “rainbow path”. The smallest positive integer k, designated by rc(G), connection number. Thus, k-coloring. Meanwhile, strong within for h...

The domination number γ(G) of the fuzzy graph G is the minimum cardinality taken over all minimal dominating sets of G. The independent domination number i(G) is the minimum cardinality taken over all maximal independent sets of G. The irredundant number ir(G) is the minimum cardinality taken over all maximal irredundant sets of G. In this paper we prove the result that relate the parameters ir...

the length of equal minimal and maximal blocks has eected on logarithm-scale logarithm against sequential function on variance and bias of de-trended uctuation analysis, by using quasi monte carlo(qmc) simulation and cholesky decompositions, minimal block couple and maximal are founded which are minimum the summation of mean error square in horest power.

This article proposes that South Africa, as multi-lingual country, has unique potential and that this potential is not to be found in some or other essence of what it means to be African, but in the daily struggles, frustrations and possibilities of life in a fragmented and divided multilingual society. In this fragmented and ‘impossible’ society there are moments (maybe rare moments) of true u...

Dual digraphs of finite join-semidistributive lattices, meet-semidistributive lattices and semidistributive are characterised. The vertices the dual maximal disjoint filter-ideal pairs lattice. approach used here combines representations arbitrary due to Urquhart (1978) Ploščica (1995). duals mainly viewed as TiRS they were presented studied in Craig--Gouveia--Haviar (2015 2022). When appropria...

For an arbitrary undirected simple graph G with m edges, we give an algorithm with running time O(m|L|) to generate the set L of all minimal edge dominating sets of G. For bipartite graphs we obtain a better result; we show that their minimal edge dominating sets can be enumerated in time O(m|L|). In fact our results are stronger; both algorithms generate the next minimal edge dominating set wi...