the stability of a communication network composed of processing nodes and communication links is of prime importance to network designers. as the network begins losing links or nodes, eventually there is a loss in its effectiveness. thus, communication networks must be constructed to be as stable as possible, not only with respect to the initial disruption, but also with respect to the possible...

the increasing and unlimited cases of burdensome dowries beyond the husband's solvency, leading finally to the enforcement of dowry and divorce, had led some commentators to fix a certain maximum for dowry. the authors, in this article, intend to find a proper theory to resolve this matrimonial problem through reviewing the earlier and later islamic jurisprudents’ opinions. although according t...

Assume that we have some data D and a model M of the process that generated the data. The model has some parameters θ, the specific value of which we do not know but wish to estimate. If the model is properly constructed, we will be able to calculate the probability of it generating the observed data given a specific set of parameter values, P (D|θ,M). Often, the conditioning on the model is su...