background: estimating pain in patients of intensive care unit (icu) is essential, but because of their special situation, verbal scales cannot be used. therefore, to estimate the level of pain, behavioral pain scale was developed by payen in 2001. objectives: the aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of behavioral pain scale in patients with low level of consciousne...

Raven Progressive Matrices (RPMs) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WSIC-R) are two common general intelligence measuring scales used in Iranian high schools. In this paper the relationships between g factor scales and students’ reading comprehension, grammar, and vocabulary was examined by correlation and regression analysis. Standard tests of grammar and vocabulary and Cambridge K...

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the difference in the degree of patient pain for an ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (USFNAB) of a thyroid nodule with one needle puncture with and without local anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 50 patients participated in the study. We examined prospective patients who would undergo US-FNABs of two thyroid nodules (larg...

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and characteristics of pain following intracavernous injection of prostaglandin E1 (PGE). We injected PGE into the cavernous tissues of 156 patients with erectile dysfunction who had never previously been injected with PGE. The incidence and characteristics of pain after injection were evaluated by the patients' response to a questionnaire. T...

OBJECTIVE To systematically review the available literature on measuring pain and the efficacy of pain treatment in inflammatory arthritis (IA), as an evidence base for generating clinical practice recommendations. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2008/2009 mee...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown promise for relieving nociceptive and neuropathic symptoms of refractory chronic pain. We assessed the efficacy of a new target for the affective component of pain, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). A 49-year-old man with neuropathic pain underwent bilateral ACC DBS. Patient-reported outcome measures were collected before and 2 years after surgery using...