Meals have long been considered relevant units of feeding behavior. Large data sets of feeding behavior of cattle, pigs, chickens, ducks, turkeys, dolphins, and rats were analyzed with the aims of 1) describing the temporal structure of feeding behavior and 2) developing appropriate methods for estimating meal criteria. Longer (between-meal) intervals were never distributed as the negative expo...

These experiments were conducted to determine metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibilities of soybean meal, sunflower meal and canola meal in broiler chickens by using titanium oxide as indigestible marker in intact or caecectomized cockerels. Ileal and total tract digestibility of amino acids were measured using broiler chickens, moreover, digestibility were also determined in the intac...

The opening of the preorbital gland in red deer (Cervus elaphus) calves has been hypothesized to be a signal to the mother that her calf is hungry. Closing of the gland should indicate that the calf has received a sufficient amount of milk, and thus the mother should stop the suckling. We tested the hypothesis that the calf signals hunger when its preorbital gland is open and signals satiation ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of eating frequency on dietary intake, physical activity (PA), metabolic, and adiposity measures in minority youth. METHODS This analysis included 185 overweight (≥85th BMI percentile) Hispanic and African-American youth (8-18 years) with the following cross-sectional measures: height, weight, BMI, dietary intake, body composition, metabolic parameters, PA,...

OBJECTIVE To test the commonly held assumption that gastric bypass surgery lowers body weight because it limits the ability to eat large amounts of food. METHODS Central melanocortin signaling was blocked by ICV infusion of the melanocortin-3/4 receptor antagonist SHU9119 for 14 days in rats whose high-fat diet-induced obesity had been reversed by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. RESULTS S...

This study investigated the acute influence of exercise on eating behaviour in an ecologically valid setting whereby healthy active males were permitted complete ad libitum access to food. Ten healthy males completed two, 8h trials (exercise and control) in a randomised-crossover design. In the exercise trials participants consumed a breakfast snack and then rested for 1h before undertaking a 6...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between frequency of assisting with home meal preparation and fruit and vegetable preference and self-efficacy for making healthier food choices among grade 5 children in Alberta, Canada. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey design was used. Children were asked how often they helped prepare food at home and rated their preference for twelve fruits and vegetable...

BACKGROUND In the case of the elderly who highly depend on family, serious health problems can be caused due to the reduction of family meals. Therefore, this study aims to suggest the fundamental data for management of cardiovascular disease, one of the major causes of death in elderly Koreans, by investigating the effects of family meal frequency on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Eating frequency has been suggested to modify blood pressure. Yet, the results are inconclusive, possibly because eating frequency, particularly meal intake behavior (MIB), does not differentiate between meals and snacks. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the association between more specific MIBs, like the consumption of the three main meals, the intake of...

BACKGROUND The thermic effect of food (TEF) is higher in lean than in obese human subjects. OBJECTIVE Relationships between TEF and insulin resistance during meals, from the point of view of autonomic nervous activity, were evaluated. METHODS Autonomic nervous activity was evaluated in 20 young adults using the spectral analysis of heart rate variability from one hour before to two hours af...