The performance of geostatistical and spatial interpolation techniques for estimation of spatial variability of heavy metals and water quality mapping of groundwater resources in Ramiyan district (Golestan province- Iran) were investigated. 24 spring/well water samples were collected and the concentration of heavy metals (Ni, Co, Pb, Cd and Cu) was determined using Differential Pulse Polarograp...

soil hydraulic properties such as soil water characteristic curve are necessary prerequisite for modeling water movement and solute transport. direct methods of estimating these hydraulic properties are time consuming and costly. indirect methods, such as pedotransfer functions, estimate the hydraulic parameters using easy-to-measure soil properties like particle size distributions, bulk densit...

With the development of renewable energy, exploitation and utilization solar energy resources also need continuous progress, but radiation data shortage has become a serious concern. A method for estimating global been developed to address this issue. The sunshine-based model is currently most widely used due its high calculation accuracy few input parameters. This paper will first review 13 su...

Linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimation is often ill-conditioned, suggesting that unconstrained minimization of the an inadequate approach to filter design. To address this, we first develop a unifying framework for studying constrained LMMSE problems. Using this framework, explore important structural property filters involving certain prefilter. Optimality invariant under invertib...

In the paper a relatively simple yet powerful and versatile technique for forecasting time series data – simple exponential smoothing is described. The simple exponential smoothing (SES) is a short-range forecasting method that assumes a reasonably stable mean in the data with no trend (consistent growth or decline). It is one of the most popular forecasting methods that uses weighted moving av...

– A neural network technique is employed to cancel hand motion error during microsurgery. A cascadecorrelation neural network trained via extended Kalman filtering was tested on 15 recordings of hand movement collected from 4 surgeons. The neural network was trained to output the surgeon’s desired motion, suppressing erroneous components. In experiments this technique reduced the root mean squa...

In this study, we present a measurement-based model for path loss prediction in three GSM service areas at 900 MHz . Modified Hata model for rural, suburban, and urban environments were derived in this study on the basis of experimental path loss measurements with the use of least square method. The models developed predicted with reasonable accuracy the path loss of radio networks investigated...

in order to evaluate the efficiency of empirical competition models for simulation of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) yield at interference with redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus l.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out. factors were weed densities (d1=1, d2= 4, d3= 8, d4=12 and d5=16 plants m-1 of row) and relative time o...