A B S X R A C T Gating current (I~) has been studied in relation to inactivation of the Na channels. No component of lg has the time course of inactivation; apparent ly little or no charge movement is associated with this step. Inactivation nonetheless affects Ig by immobilizing about two-thirds of gating charge. Immobilization can be followed by measuring ON charge movement dur ing a pulse and...

The involvement of FMO in the N-oxygenation of CLZ was investigated by use of purified FMOs and human liver microsomes that contained the mean amount of immunoreactive FMO3 relative to other human liver microsomal preparations in a liver bank. In the microsomal preparation the involvement of FMO was indicated through enzyme inhibition by methimazole, heat inactivation, and protection against he...

the purpose of this study was to assess exposure to hand-arm vibration in tiller users, forty users of tiller in northeastern provinces of iran were examined to measure hand-arm vibration parameters such as root mean square acceleration (rms), total equivalent acceleration, vibration dose value (vdv) and crest factor in three directions (x, y, and z) and various operating modes for comparing th...

Target theory is one of the essential concepts for understanding radiation biology. Although many complex interpretations of target theory have been developed, its fundamental principle is that ‘inactivation of the target(s) inside an organism by radiation results in the organism’s death’. The number of ‘targets’ and the locations of these ‘targets’ inside an organism are not always clear, alth...

background: to reduce the dose to normal tissues surrounding the treated breast, a uniform magnetic field was used within a humanoid phantom in breast radiotherapy. materials and methods: monte carlo simulations were performed with geant4, irradiating humanoid phantoms in a magnetic field. to reconstruct phantoms, computed tomography (ct) data slices of four patients were used for the monte car...

Radiation inactivation of the red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) plasma membrane ATPase was carried out using gamma-ray radiation from a (137)Cs source. Inactivation of vanadate-sensitive ATPase activity by gamma-ray radiation followed an exponential decline with increasing total dose, indicating a single target size calculated to have a molecular weight of about 228,000. Since the catalytic subunit o...

Adenovirus is recognized as the most UV-resistant waterborne pathogen of concern to public health microbiologists. The U.S. EPA has stipulated that a UV fluence (dose) of 186 mJ cm(-2) is required for 4-log inactivation credit in water treatment. However, all adenovirus inactivation data to date published in the peer-reviewed literature have been based on UV disinfection experiments using UV ir...

AIM The present work deals with different methods for foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) inactivation for serotypes O/pan Asia, A/Iran05, and SAT-2/2012 by heat, gamma radiation, and ultraviolet (UV) in comparison with the traditional methods and their effects on the antigenicity of viruses for production of inactivated vaccines. MATERIALS AND METHODS FMDV types O/pan Asia, A/Iran05, and SAT...