Clinical chemistry is a field in which the reliability of measurement results has a major impact on decisions that directly affect human beings. The conditions under which the measurements are performed and the way their results are applied bring about very stringent requirements in regard to the methods used. Measurements are expected to give reliable results after a single determination perfo...

In safety-of-life applications of satellite navigation, the Protection Level (PL) equation translates what is known about the pseudorange errors into a reliable limit on the positioning error. The current PL equations for Satellite based augmentation systems are based on Gaussian statistics: all errors are characterized by a zero mean Gaussian distribution which is an upper bound of the true di...

We measured tracheal flow from tracheal sounds to estimate tidal volume, minute ventilation (VI), respiratory frequency, mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI), and duty cycle (TI/Ttot). In 11 normal subjects, 3 patients with unstable airway obstruction, and 3 stable asthmatic patients, we measured tracheal sounds and flow twice: first to derive flow-sound relationships and second to obtain flow-volume ...

The validity of a coherent, grassland scattering model is determined by comparing the model predictions with direct measurements of a representative grass canopy. A wheat field was selected as the test target, and polarimetric, multifrequency backscattering data were collected over an entire growing season, along with a complete set of ground-truth data. The L-band measured data demonstrated a ...

We present an experimental broadband wireless 4×4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) space-time-blockcoded (STBC) OFDM system based on an extension of the IEEE 802.11a/g physical layer (PHY) to multiple-antenna scenarios. A general description of the hardware architecture of the demonstrator is shown. The FPGA and DSP-based algorithms implemented at the transmit and receive sides are defined...

The calculation of the nonlinear tune shift with amplitude based on the results of measurements and the linear lattice information is discussed. The tune shift is calculated based on a set of specific measurements and some extra information which is usually available, namely that about the size and particle distribution in the beam and the linear optics effect on the particles. The method to so...

Behavior of the xenon dispenser hollow cathode is complex, exhibiting high through-anode ion emission, unusual particle energy distributions, and high plume erosion rates. The device may find new application as an ion micro-thruster. A flight-type hollow cathode was characterized using several diagnostic methods. Measurements involved a retarding potential analyzer, quadrupole mass spectrometer...

Emotional intelligence (EI) has attracted considerable interest amongst both individual differences researchers and those in other areas of psychology who are interested in how EI relates to criteria such as well-being and career success. Both trait (self-report) and ability EI measures have been developed; the focus of this paper is on ability EI. The associations of two new ability EI tests w...

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The Measure Components feature of the MSA (Transmission mode, menu AnalysisMeasure Components) is intended for measuring values of resistors, capacitors and inductors. The MSA automatically chooses an appropriate frequency between 100 kHz and 40 MHz for the measurement. This is not as complete or precise as graphing the component value in Reflection mode, which can show the behavior of the com...