Signal in space (SIS) errors are a major error source for the Global Positioning System (GPS). They are defined as any errors related to satellite transmission, mainly satellite position and clock errors. A better understanding and characterization of the signal in space errors are essential for GPS integrity, because the SIS errors are a metric to determine satellite outages or failures. The s...

In angle calibrations the uncertainty contributions of the autocollimator and index table are easily estimated as these uncertainties are well documented, but it is more difficult to determine the uncertainties associated with flatness deviations, eccentricity and pyramidal errors of the measuring faces. Deviations in the flatness of angle surfaces have been held responsible for the lack of agr...

In this paper, the required measurement time to measure a transfer function with a specified accuracy is analyzed. The waiting time that is needed to balance the transient induced errors against the noise errors is calculated. This allows one to decide under what conditions broad-band measurements are faster than stepped sine measurements.