This paper starts with giving the medical imaging modalities that are in practical use and lists several of the new medical imaging modalities under development. The remainder of the paper is concentrated on progress in MR imaging, ultrasound imaging and x-ray CT imaging. These modalities are major radiological imaging tools, which will have growing significance in the next decade. They are sur...

The use of near-infrared light in functional medical imaging has gained increasing interest during recent years. Techniques using near-infrared light for imaging can be used to study, e.g., hemodynamic responses on the cortex. Brain activation measurements can be performed using, e.g., MEG or fMRI, which, however, require heavy instrumentation. In medical near-infrared imaging, the instrumentat...

Millions of women are screened for breast cancer every year, resulting in tens of millions of xray images that need to be read. The reading rooms that are used vary greatly, and many radiologists express concern about the conditions in either their workplace or the workplaces of their colleagues. Now that softcopy mammography screening is becoming commonplace, there is an opportunity to revisit...

Patients entering hospitals in the USA are reported to have about one chance in three of having a radioactive tracer play a role in the diagnosis of their medical problem. , One important diagnostic technique is radionuclide imaging — the use of radioactive isotopes to obtain images of body organs and processes. The IAEA, from its very beginning, has paid close attention to this particular fiel...

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a promising medical imaging modality providing the spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging and the contrast of optical imaging. For linear-array PAI, a beamformer can be used as the reconstruction algorithm. Delay-and-sum (DAS) is the most prevalent beamforming algorithm in PAI. However, using DAS beamformer leads to low-resolution images as well as high sidelobe...

Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a wellestablished noninvasive method of assessing coronary blood flow.1–5 MPI is capable of identifying regional abnormalities in coronary artery blood flow and determining their physiological relevance to myocardial function and viability. MPI requires the intravenous injection of a radioactive blood flow marker followed by imaging of regional myocardial u...

Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) has been widely used in engineering applications involving non-contact vibration and sound measurements. This technique has also been used in some biomedical applications including hearing research. The detectable frequencies are in the range of near-DC to 1 GHz or higher. This paper reviews applications of LDV in biomedical engineering and proposes new medical im...

The paper describes the use of synthetic aperture (SA) imaging in medical ultrasound. SA imaging is a radical break with today's commercial systems, where the image is acquired sequentially one image line at a time. This puts a strict limit on the frame rate and the possibility of acquiring a sufficient amount of data for high precision flow estimation. These constrictions can be lifted by empl...

Flow visualization is a well established branch of scientific visualization and it currently represents an invaluable resource to many fields, like automotive design, meteorology and medical imaging. Thanks to the capabilities of modern hardware, flow datasets are increasing in size and complexity, and traditional flow visualization techniques need to be updated and improved in order to deal wi...