We have hypothesized (Negro et al. 1999) that bearded vultures, Gypaetus barbatus, deliberately stain their plumage with iron oxides to signal dominance status. The conceptual frame to which we ascribe our hypothesis is the handicap principle (Zahavi & Zahavi 1997). For a signal to convey reliable information, and thus to evolve, it has to be costly (Zahavi 1975), and we proposed that the assoc...

Notalgia paresthetica is a chronic sensory neuropathy characterized by pruritus of the upper to middle back, typically below the left shoulder blade. Symptoms may include pain, hyperesthesia, paresthesia, and hyperpigmentation of the affected area. Although the etiologic process of this condition is poorly understood, recent correlations with degenerative spinal changes suggest that spinal nerv...

Electrodiagnostic studies are the gold-standard evaluation tools for peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes. However, although they can indirectly localize the site of injury (through physiological data), they cannot provide morphological confirmation as do other imaging methods (1). Furthermore, during lower limb diagnostics in particular, electrophysiologists may encounter various challenges c...

Meralgia paraesthetica (MP) is a condition originally described by Bernhardt in 1878 and was eventually named by Roth in 1895. It is caused by compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) resulting in varying types of discomfort. Severity of the symptoms can range from mildly uncomfortable to painfully disabling. In this article we discuss 2 patients with a LFCN injury occurring as...

Notalgia paresthetica refers to an isolated mononeuropathy involving chronic localized itch or paresthesia most often at the skin of the scapula or surrounding regions. There are no specific skin manifestations except those arising from chronic scratching and rubbing. The specific etiology remains unknown; however, it has been theorized that the neuropathic itch is caused by sensory nerve entra...

The Subspace Theorem, whose name will be clear from its statement, was proved by Wolfgang Schmidt around forty years ago. It provides us with a multidimensional extension of Roth’s Theorem and was originally developed for the study of two classical problems, namely algebraic approximation to algebraic numbers and norm form equations (a class of Diophantine equations which includes the Thue equa...

The purpose of this study was to determine the sealing ability of three different sealers and to compare the sealing ability of three sealers. Thirty single rooted mandibular first premolar teeth were used. The crowns were removed at the cemento -enamel junction and root canals were prepared to a # 35 K-file. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups, A, K and R. Each group consisted of...

To live together in a social setting people must be able to relate properly to one another. That calls for an understanding of what the other is thinking and sensing what he or she is feeling. These capacities—to understand and feel—are called empathy, a translation of the German einfūling (literally, feeling into) first introduced into English by the psychologist Edward Titchener (1909). Empat...