Manufactured sand differs from natural sea and river dredged sand in its physical and mineralogical properties. These can be both beneficial and detrimental to the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. This paper presents the results of a laboratory study in which manufactured sand produced in an industry sized crushing plant was characterised with respect to its physical and mineralogical...

Large-scale adaptive radiations might explain the runaway success of a minority of extant vertebrate clades. This hypothesis predicts, among other things, rapid rates of morphological evolution during the early history of major groups, as lineages invade disparate ecological niches. However, few studies of adaptive radiation have included deep time data, so the links between extant diversity an...

The geometry of feather barbs (barb length and barb angle) determines feather vane asymmetry and vane rigidity, which are both critical to a feather's aerodynamic performance. Here, we describe the relationship between barb geometry and aerodynamic function across the evolutionary history of asymmetrical flight feathers, from Mesozoic taxa outside of modern avian diversity (Microraptor, Archaeo...

BACKGROUND Temnospondyls are one of the earliest radiations of limbed vertebrates. Skeletal remains of more than 190 genera have been identified from late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic rocks. Paleozoic temnospondyls comprise mainly small to medium sized forms of diverse habits ranging from fully aquatic to fully terrestrial. Accordingly, their ichnological record includes tracks described from m...

s 12th Int. Sed. Congress, Canberra: 146.INMAN, D.L., 1960: Shore processes. In McGRA WHILL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. McGraw-Hill, New York.JENNINGS, D.l. & SUTHERLAND, F.L., 1969: Geology of the Cape Portland area with specialreference to the Mesozoic(?) appinitic rocks. Tech. Repts Dept Mines, Tasm., 13: 45-82.JUDD,J.B., SMITH, W.e. & PILKEY, O.,H., 1970: The...

BACKGROUND Ingestion of sand can cause colic, diarrhoea and weight loss in horses, but these signs are unspecific and can have many other causes. The amount of sand that induces disease may vary between individuals. To avoid over-diagnosing, it is important to determine the amount of sand that can be found in horses without clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease. The aim of this study was t...

Field-collected 4th-instar Glyptotendipes paripes larvae from a natural lake in central Florida preferred small-sized (< 0.84-1.99-mm-diam) grains of sand to burrow in and make cases in the laboratory. The larvae buried or formed cases within 3 h of introduction into 120-ml paper cups containing 80 ml tap water and 20 g of the small-diameter sand. When placed in sand with grains of different si...

A catalog of 383 earthquakes in southeastern New York, southwestern Connecticut, northern New Jersey, and eastern Pennsylvania, including metropolitan New York City and Philadelphia, is compiled from historical and instrumental data from 1677 through 2006. A magnitude-felt area relationship is used to calculate the equivalent magnitudembLg prior to the advent of abundant instrumental data in 19...

[1] Abstract: Peridotite xenoliths erupted in late Miocene basalts ( 8 Ma) in the central Sierra Nevada sample a lithosphere that is vertically stratified in terms of age and thermal history. The deeper portions ( 45–100 km) have asthenospheric osmium isotopic compositons and possess textural and chemical evidence for cooling from >11008 to 700–8208C. The shallower portions (<60 km) have unradi...

introduction: refractory status epilepticus is a life-threatening disease in children wherein seizure movements don&apos;t response to first line anti convulsion drugs. this study reviewed risk factors, management and early outcome of children with refractory status epilepticus. methods: patients with refractory status epilepticus admitted in tabriz children&apos;s hospital between 2003 and 200...