To define the role of local synthesis of angiotensinogen in tissue angiotensin production, we have quantitated angiotensinogen messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in 17 different tissues of four groups of rats: control rats, nephrectomized rats, rats given dexamethasone, ethynylestradiol, and triiodothyronine, and nephrectomized rats given dexamethasone, ethynylestradiol, and triiodothyronine. Angioten...

Cytoplasmic RNA granules serve key functions in the control of messenger RNA (mRNA) fate in eukaryotic cells. For instance, in yeast, severe stress induces mRNA relocalization to sites of degradation or storage called processing bodies (P-bodies). In this study, we show that the translation repression associated with glucose starvation causes the key translational mediators of mRNA recognition,...

The signal-recognition particle (SRP) mediates the translocation of membrane and secretory proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum upon interaction with the SRP receptor. In trypanosomes, the main RNA molecule is the spliced-leader (SL) RNA, which donates the SL sequence to all messenger RNA through trans-splicing. Here, we show that RNA interference silencing of the SRP receptor (SRalpha) in...

Eucaryotic messenger RNA precursors are processed in nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (hnRNP). Here recent work on the structure of hnRNP is reviewed, with emphasis on function. Detailed analysis of a specific case, the altered assembly of hnRNP in heatshocked Drosophila and mammalian cells, leads to a general hypothesis linking hnRNP structure and messenger RNA processing. A unifying princi...

Bioinformatics is one of the computer science and biology sub-subjects concerned with processes applied to biological data, such as gathering, processing, storing, analyzing it. Biological data (ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribonucleic (DNA), protein sequences) has many applications uses in fields (data security, segmentation, feature extraction, etc.). DNA sequences are used cryptography field...

In RNA silencing, microRNA (miRNA)-mediated translational repression occurs through mechanisms that do not invoke messenger-RNA (mRNA) target cleavage by Argonaute proteins. The nature of these mechanisms is unclear, but several recent studies have proposed that a direct interaction between the mRNA-cap and the middle (MID) domain of Argonautes is involved. Here, we present crystallographic and...

An easy and routine procedure to amplify messenger RNA (mRNA) libraries from a few tissue cells can provide molecular gene expression profiles at high resolution. A novel PCR-like method, the RNA-PCR, was developed to generate high quality and quantity mRNAs from as few as 20 cells (2 pg mRNAs). The principle relies upon the cycling steps of promoter-linked double-stranded cDNA synthesis and pr...

メッセンジャーRNA（messenger RNA, mRNA）医薬においては、実際の治療効果を発揮するのはmRNAそれ自体ではなく、翻訳によってそこから生み出されるタンパク質である。したがって、そうした治療用タンパク質を特定の臓器・組織や細胞種でのみ選択的に産生させる技術はターゲティングとして、産生期間を制御する技術はコントロールドリリースとしてそれぞれ機能するともいえる。プラスミドDNA（plasmid DNA, pDNA）やウイルスベクターと異なり、転写制御配列による遺伝子発現制御が適用できないmRNA医薬においては、タンパク質の産生を制御することは困難であった。しかし近年では、さまざまな翻訳制御技術の開発が進んでいる。本稿では、筆者らの研究成果も含めたmRNAの翻訳制御技術について紹介する。

Localization of messenger RNAs and local protein synthesis contribute to asymmetric protein distribution not only of cytoplasmic but also of membrane or secreted proteins. Since synthesis of the latter protein classes occurs at the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mRNA localization and distribution of ER should be coordinated. However, this coordination is not yet understood. In yeast, mRNA lo...

mRNA poly(A) tails affect translation, mRNA export and mRNA stability, with translation initiation involving a direct interaction between eIF4G and the poly(A)-binding protein Pab1. The latter factor contains four RNA recognition motifs followed by a C-terminal region composed of a linker and a PABC domain. We show here that yeast mutants lacking the C-terminal domains of Pab1 display specific ...