A heuristic method for optimizing a solar power tower system is proposed, in which both heliostat field (heliostat locations and number) and the tower (tower height and receiver size) are simultaneously considered. Maximizing the thermal energy collected per unit cost leads to a difficult optimization problem due to its characteristics: it has a nonconvex black-box objective function with compu...

In this paper, we analyze meteorological conditions, thundercloud structure, lightning activity and characteristics of the flashes that strike two towers separated by 1.3 km on Tosa d'Alp (2537 m asl) for days (March 24 31) Cerdanya-2017 field campaign. Remote sensing products (cloud top temperature, flash location, volumetric radar scans) a set sensors installed at Cerdanya station (electric m...

In the design of DC system, more than one MVU tower may be used between pole-to-neutral voltages. This is especially common for UHVDC systems. The insulation design of these MVU’s need to be verified by dielectric type tests as specified by international standards. However, the application of several MVU’s in series makes the test set-up complicated. One straightforward solution is to install a...

An updraft tower cooling system is assessed for elimination of water use associated with power plant heat rejection. Heat rejected from the power plant condenser is used to warm the air at the base of an updraft tower; buoyancy-driven air flows through a recuperative turbine inside the tower. The secondary loop, which couples the power plant condenser to a heat exchanger at the tower base, can ...

Data assimilation of dust aerosol observations for CUACE/Dust forecasting system T. Niu, S. L. Gong, G. F. Zhu, H. L. Liu, X. Q. Hu, C. H. Zhou, and Y. Q. Wang Center for Atmosphere Watch & Services (CAWAS), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Beijing 100081, China Air Quality Research Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment Canada, ...

This paper presents a universal engineering model, which can be used to formulate both counterflow and crossflow cooling towers. By using fundamental laws of mass and energy balance, the effectiveness of heat exchange is approximated by a second order polynomial equation. Gauss-Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt methods are then used to determine the coefficients from manufactures data. Compared wi...