For reliability-based topology optimization (RBTO) of double layer grids, a two-stage optimization method is presented by applying “Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization” and “Ant Colony Optimization” (SIMP-ACO method). To achieve this aim, first, the structural stiffness is maximized using SIMP. Then, the characteristics of the obtained topology are used to enhance ACO through six modific...

Generally, such as bio-fuels, wind, solar, small hydropower, marine and geothermal energy, etc. have been defined as new renewable energy. Photovoltaic and wind power generation have been in rapid growth, but they have characteristics of randomness, intermittent, uncontrollable. Although the idea of effective renewable energy use as a means of coping with environmental and resource problems, es...

In this paper, we present an exact (i.e., non-approximated) and linear measurement model for hybrid AC/DC micro-grids recursive state estimation (SE). More specifically, of a voltage source converter (VSC) is proposed. It relies on the complex VSC modulation index to relate quantities at converters DC side phasors AC side. The derived from transformer-like representation accounts conduction swi...

Micro grid have been accepted concept widely for the better interconnection of distributed generators (DGs). Corresponding to the conventional power system ac microgrid have been proposed, particularly increasing the use of renewable energy sources generate dc power which is need a dc link for the purpose of grid connection and as a result of increasing modern dc loads. Dc micro grid has been r...

This paper describes the application of a new and unconventional numerical method for computational modeling of fluidic micro-handling processes. The key requirement for modeling such processes is the ability to simulate flows with large number of complex shaped moving objects. Conventional body-conformal computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methods are not well suited for simulating such flows an...

This paper presents simulations of unsteady flow past a plunging airfoil using the highorder spectral difference (SD) method. Both third-order and fourth-order SD methods are used on unstructured quadrilateral grids. The vortex shedding pattern of an airfoil in an oscillating plunge motion becomes asymmetric at a sufficiently high frequency. The SD method is able to capture this effect and reve...

Optimization of ship routing depends on several parameters, like ship and cargo characteristics, environmental factors, topography, international navigation rules, crew comfort etc. The complex nature of the problem leads to oversimplifications in analytical techniques, while stochastic methods like simulated annealing can be both time consuming and sensitive to local minima. In this work, a hy...

ABSTRACT This paper presented a high sensitivit√ opto-mechanical transducer for real time cell culture and contractile force mapping on a chip. The contractile forces developed from cells to their extracellular matrix is crucial to understanding how cells regulate their ph√siological function to adapt to their living environment and cellular processes. The structure consists of micro fabricated...