Specific selection of antigen-responsive guinea pig peritoneal exudate lymphocytes (PELs) was achieved by a selection culture procedure. This procedure involved the addition of PELs from immune donors to monolayers of antigen-pulsed adherent peritoneal exudate cells from nonprimed syngeneic donors. PELs which failed to adhere were discarded at 24 and 48 h; after 1 wk of culture, lymphocytes wer...

The complex and intimate relationship between humans and their gut microbial communities is becoming less obscure, due in part to large-scale gut microbial genome-sequencing projects and culture-independent surveys of the composition and gene content of these communities. These studies build upon, and are complemented by, experimental efforts to define underlying mechanisms of host-microbe inte...

Microbial culturomics represents a completely new approach to investigate microbial diversity by using different optimized culture conditions, mass spectrometry, genome sequencing and annotation and phenotypic description that allow for an extensive characterization of new species and the study of the human microbiome. Here we present four new species within the genus Paenibacillus: 'Paenibacil...

The rumen is an open fermentation chamber, inhabited by microorganisms that anaerobically digest complex components of feedstuffs and generate fermentation products (mainly acids) and microbial cell mass for utilization by the host. The absorption of fermentation products, mainly VFA, from the rumen into the blood, and outflow of microbial cells to the abomasum and small intestine provide the a...

A novel method of cell culture was employed to control the growth-rate of bacterial biofilms [1]. Cell-surface hydrophobicity increased progressively with growth rate for planktonic, chemostatgrown Pseudomonas aeruginosa and also for cells, resuspended from the biofilms. Dependence of surface hydrophobicity upon growth rate was greater for the planktonic cells. Newly-formed daughter cells, shed...

The sensitivity of an enrichment culture procedure for detecting Clostridium botulinum type E in whitefish chubs (Leucichthys sp.) was assayed. Data demonstrated that fish inoculated with 10 or more viable C. botulinum spores regularly develop specifically neutralizable enrichment cultures. Mild heat treatment (60 C, 15 min) substantially reduced the sensitivity of enrichment culturing. This ef...

Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 was sequenced using a long-read method to generate a complete genome sequence, including some plasmid sequences. Some differences from the previously generated short-read sequence of this nonpathogenic and non-biofilm-forming strain were noted. The assembly size was 2,570,371 bp with a total G+C% content of 32.08%.

Understanding the numerous factors that can affect biofilm formation and stability remain poorly understood. One of the major limitations is the accurate measurement of biofilm stability and cohesiveness in real-time when exposed to changing environmental conditions. Here we present a novel method to measure biofilm strength: interfacial rheology. By culturing a range of bacterial biofilms on a...

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) affect microbial metabolic processes at single cell level or lab-culture strains. However, the impact of different AgNPs properties such as the particle, ion release, and shape on functional responses of natural soil microbial communities remain poorly understood. Therefore, we assessed the relative importance of particles and ions of AgNPs in bacterial toxicity and...