BACKGROUND The Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) is a Salmonella enterica-derived integrative mobilizable element (IME) containing various complex multiple resistance integrons identified in several S. enterica serovars and in Proteus mirabilis. Previous studies have shown that SGI1 transfers horizontally by in trans mobilization in the presence of the IncA/C conjugative helper plasmid pR55. ...

Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from nosocomial infections represent a serious problem worldwide. In various Mexican states several reports have shown isolates from hospitals with antibiotic resistance to methicillin. In Mexico City, there is scarce information on staphylococcal infections in hospitals. Here, our research findings are shown in a four-year period study (2006-2010) fo...

The incidence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is rising. Antibiotic resistance can be achieved via three distinct routes: inactivation of the drug, modification of the target of action, and reduction in the concentration of drug that reaches the target. It has long been recognized that specific antibiotic resistance mechanisms can be acquired through mutation of the bacterial ge...

Infectious diseases can be difficult to cure, especially if the pathogen forms a biofilm. After decades of extensive research into the morphology, physiology and genomics of biofilm formation, attention has recently been directed toward the analysis of the cellular metabolome in order to understand the transformation of a planktonic cell to a biofilm. Metabolomics can play an invaluable role in...

To disclose the antibiotics susceptibility and wide adaptability of commonly occurring genotypes of Salmonella Typhimurium, the antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of different multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) types of a collection of 240 S. Typhimurium isolates (33 food and 207 clinical ones) during 2010-2014 in Shenzhen were analyzed. Among these strains, 167 was ST34 (69.58%), and ...

Dust from the pre-filters of stand-alone hospital isolation room air cleaners was tested by PCR for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Resistance genes for three classes of antibiotics (aac(60)-aph(200), ermA, and mecA) were detected in multiple samples, indicating the presence of g...

antimalarial drugs with the 4-aminoquinoline scaffold such as the important drugs, chloroquine (cq) and amodiaquine (aq), have been used to prevent and treat malaria for many years. the importance of these drugs is related to their simple usage, high efficacy, affordability, and cost-effectiveness of their synthesis. in recent years, with the spread of parasite resistance to cq and cross-resist...

nowadays the most difficult problem in treatment of bacterial infections is the appearance of resistant bacteria to the antimicrobial agents so that the attention is being drawn to other potential targets. in view of the positive findings of phage therapy, many advantages have been mentioned which utilizes phage therapy over chemotherapy and it seems to be a promising agent to replace the antib...

Microbial drug persistence is a widespread phenomenon in which a subpopulation of microorganisms is able to survive antimicrobial treatment without acquiring resistance-conferring genetic changes. Microbial persisters can cause recurrent or intractable infections, and, like resistant mutants, they carry an increasing clinical burden. In contrast to heritable drug resistance, however, the biolog...

F ollowing the serendipitous discovery of penicillin in 1928 and streptomycin in 1943, the pharmaceutical industry has been screening thousands of soil samples for antimicrobial agents produced by inhabitant microbes. Chloramphenicol, clavulanic acid, erythromycin, gentamicin, rifampin, teicho-planin, tetracycline, and vancomycin represent only a few products of this spectacularly successful ef...