the periodic trimming of the long hairs growing at the distal end of the tail -switch trimming- is humane alternative of tail docking. the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of switch trimming on somatic cell count (scc), california mastitis test (cmt) and udder cleanliness of lactating cows in a free-stall dairy farm. in the present study, 219 healthy, pregnant holstein cows ...

The Casimir force is the attraction between uncharged metallic surfaces as a result of quantum mechanical vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. We demonstrate the Casimir effect in microelectromechanical systems using a micromachined torsional device. Attraction between a polysilicon plate and a spherical metallic surface results in a torque that rotates the plate about two thin tor...

A mixed-domain schematic representation compatible with nodebased behavioral simulators is developed for rapid design of suspended microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Hierarchical models of several basic microelectromechanical elements are created. The components are interconnected to represent both devices and more complex systems. Using beams, masses, and electrostatic actuators as the fun...