We developed a biomechanical model to determine the joint torques and loadings during squatting with a backward/forward-inclined Smith machine. The Smith squat allows a large variety of body positioning (trunk tilt, foot placement, combinations of joint angles) and easy control of weight distribution between forefoot and heel. These distinctive aspects of the exercise can be managed concurrentl...

A rare case of microscopically sized thymoma is described in a 56 year old man suffering from myasthenia gravis. Histological examination of the surgically removed thymus showed the presence of several epithelial thymoma-like islands. As controls, 100 thymuses obtained from consecutive necropsies were sampled: 4% of these cases showed epithelial islands. This case is further proof that "microsc...

The hypothesis that the temporal bones are at the center of the dynamics of the craniofacial complex, directly influencing facial morphology, has been put forward long ago. This study examines the role of the spatial positioning of temporal bones (frontal and sagittal inclination) in terms of influencing overall facial morphology. Several 3D linear, angular and orthogonal measurements obtained ...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Locomotion adaptation mechanisms have been observed in horses, but little information is available in relation to banked and nonbanked curve locomotion, which might be important to optimise training environments. OBJECTIVES To determine if adaptation mechanisms in horses existed when moving on a banked compared to a flat curve and whether adaptation was similar in...

The Japanese Orthopaedic Association has proposed the term locomotive syndrome to designate a condition of individuals in high-risk groups with musculoskeletal disease who are highly likely to require nursing care. This study investigates the influence of spinal factors on locomotive syndrome in Japanese men. A total of 105 men older than 50 years were enrolled in the study. Those answering yes...

BACKGROUND Malaria transmission is an extremely complex condition that is manifested differently in different parts of the world. In Pakistan, malaria is still endemic in many areas. Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are identified to be the most prevalent species of malaria in-Pakistan. A great deal of work regarding malarial transmission is available at regional level in Pakistan but...