BACKGROUND The coral holobiont includes the coral animal, algal symbionts, and associated microbial community. These microbes help maintain the holobiont homeostasis; thus, sustaining robust mutualistic microbial communities is a fundamental part of long-term coral reef survival. Coastal pollution is one major threat to reefs, and intensive fish farming is a rapidly growing source of this pollu...

<em>The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on MSME entrepreneurs was felt in Semarang. The clusters most affected by are Milkfish, Culinary and Batik clusters. Especially for MSMEs cluster Semarang City before crisis caused Covid 19, business conditions batik village have also experienced a decline sales. development strategy can be applied as one survival strategies, especially MSMEs. resea...

Shrimp aquaculture is under pressure to increase its production meet the growing demand for food from a population. In Philippines, has experienced shift milkfish prawn, with attractive marketable price. This intensification led negative and positive impacts, which have raised range of environmental socioeconomic problems. paper reviews challenges that shrimp industry faces using Preferred Repo...