The dairy farmer has the responsibility of producing milk under clean and hygienic conditions, employing appropriate techniques to clean and disinfect the milking equipment and the milking parlour. The ability of raw milk to retain its quality under storage, and the safety of the product for the consumer, can both be directly related to the bacterial content of the milk. In most countries, bact...

Three experiments were conducted on Martina Franca jennies. Experiment 1 tested Wood's model for evaluating the lactation curve. Data from the entire lactation period of 12 jennies were used. The results showed that Wood's model was able to recognize the shape of the lactation curve from pooled data (r(2) = 0.11; P < 0.01), with the lactation peak occurring at 48 d. Individual curves showed wid...

Replacement of corn by citrus pulp or coffee hulls explores the potential of dairy cows to digest fiber-rich feedstuffs. However, for the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, replacing citrus pulp by coffee hulls may reduce milk production costs, since citrus pulp needs to be imported from another state, while coffee hulls are highly available at essentially no cost. The objective of this experiment ...

Cattle handling is a dangerous activity on dairy farms, and cows are a major cause of injuries to livestock handlers. Even if dairy cows are generally tranquil and docile, when situations occur that they perceive or remember as aversive, they may become agitated and hazardous to handle. This study aimed to compare human-animal interactions, cow behavior, and handler safety when moving cows to d...

Oxytocin can attenuate the physiological and behavioral response to stress in animals. In this study we investigated the relationship between plasma oxytocin concentrations and the behavioral and physiological response of dairy cows to a repeated psychological stressor (novel environment). Twenty lactating multi-parous dairy cows were milked in a familiar milking parlor and in a novel environme...

the milk and milk fat production records of 28 holstein herds in khorasan razavi province were analyzed in this study. the records were based on 305 days of milking and were from the first to third milking periods and two times milking per day. the fixed effects of herd-year-season and age of dam at parturition as covariate were fitted in the models of analyses. the (co)variance components were...

A longitudinal study aimed to detect Listeria monocytogenes on a New York State dairy farm was conducted between February 2004 and July 2007. Fecal samples were collected every 6 months from all lactating cows. Approximately 20 environmental samples were obtained every 3 months. Bulk tank milk samples and in-line milk filter samples were obtained weekly. Samples from milking equipment and the m...

The objective of the paper was to analyse the influence of dairy cow management technology, milking method, predipping and summer grazing on the contamination of cow’s raw milk by mesophilic (TBC), psychrotrophic (PBC), lipolytic (PLiBC) and proteolytic (PPrBC) bacteria. The values of TBC, PBC, PLiBC and PPrBC in bulk milk samples were determined by the culture method according to IDF standards...

Mastitis is a dairy farm disease which causes important loss for dairy industry. Mastitis control is permanent challenge for dairy farm [1]. Milk loss link to mastitis was assessed to reach 17% of world milk production [1]. In Burkina Faso, this loss is not assessed and remains unknown area. It is well known that the most spread mastitis is subclinical which has considerable impact on farm and ...