Bacterial leaching represents an unusual problem in biochemical engineering, because the substrate for bacterial growth is not supplied directly, but is a product of another reaction, the leaching of mineral particles. In addition, leaching is a heterogeneous reaction dependent on the particle-size distribution in the feed and on the kinetics of particle shrinkage. In this study, these effects ...

The present study describes the hydrochemistry of ground waters found in Mesta River Basin, located south-western part Bulgaria. groundwater’s composition can be expressed as follows: Ca2+ > Na+ Mg2+ K+; K+ equivalent units for cations, and HCO3– SO42– Cl– anions. chemical studied groundwater described calcium-bicarbonate. calcium ions make up from 17.90% to 38.62% (30.18% on average), bicar...

In this work, a method to determine Pb(II) ions in model water is presented; the based on fluorescence emission of silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) colloidal solution, which sensitive lead ions. The presence causes photoemission enhancement AgNCs solution dependent pollutant concentration. functional dependence logarithmic range from 2.5 40 µM, and through linearization calibration points, linear fu...

In oil industry, recovery of crude oil can be improved by injecting aqueous solutions containing surfactants, polymers, and mineral ions into an oil reservoir. This process is called enhanced oil recovery. Water and oil are immiscible, separated by an interface, and their motion through a capillary tube is governed by the surface tension. However, the physics can be more complex during an enhan...

The main aim of an ideal retrograde filling material is to seal the pathways of communication between surrounding tissues and the root canal system , hence mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA ) which is a biocompatible and a nontoxic material was developed for dentistry. This material allows normal healing response due to the formation of new cementum and bone. Calcium and phosphorus are the main i...

Civanar amirtam is a siddha herbo- mineral formulation prescribed for rheumatism, bronchial asthma, tuber culosis and leprosy. Of the nine ingredients which constitute the preparation, four are inorganic and the others are plant drugs, Attempts have been made to chemically analyse and to identify the presence of each ingredient in the medicine to lay down standards. The identification of variou...

Nanocomposite plastics are a promising class of materials with a range of applications, particularly in the automotive industry. By incorporating mineral material of nanoscale dimensions, the mechanical properties of the bulk plastic, such as strength, thermal stability, and flame retardance, are drastically improved, with little to no impact on other favorable properties such as low weight. In...

We present a compact portable chip-based capillary electrophoresis system that employs capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CD) operating at 4 MHz as an alternative detection method compared to the commonly used optical detection employing laser-induced fluorescence. The disposable chip for this system is fabricated out of PMMA using injection molding; the electrodes are scr...

the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (dllme) method for determination of pb +2 and cd +2 ions in the environmental water samples was combined with inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (icp-aes). ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (apdc), chloroform and ethanol were used as chelating agent, extraction solvent and disperser solvent, respectively. some effective parame...

The title compound, [NH3(CH2)4NH3](2+)·SiF6 (2-), is a hybrid built from an organic butane-1,4-di-ammonium dication linked to a hexa-fluoro-silicate mineral anion. Both ions posses inversion symmetry. In the anion the Si atom is located on an inversion center, while in the cation the center of inversion is situated at the mid-point of the central -CH2-CH2- bond. The Si atom is surrounded by six...