Volcanic ash is fragments of magma, and consists of minerals and volcanic glass. These materials in the ash can provide important information on the nature of the magma, because chemical compositions of magma usually show distinct features in each volcano, and because assemblages and compositions of minerals reflect their host melt. Using assemblages and chemical compositions of minerals and gl...

Minerals, as we know them, are locked in the crust of the earth. As land dwellers, our main link with minerals is through a diet of plants, which are able to extract and assimilate metallic minerals from the soil as they grow. Our secondary link is from meats of animals that eat plants. Minerals are extremely important for our well-being, yet they have always been taken for granted, and few of ...

Different types of iron oxides deposits have been identified along the Khaf – Dorouneh volcanic and plutonic belt in north east of Iran. Kuh-e-Zar is one of these ore deposits known as Fe- oxide gold deposit. The main purpose of this paper is to detect and discriminate the iron oxide minerals in this area based on the ETM+ data. Data processing has been done by ENVI (Environment for Visualizing...

The exploitation of minerals from fields can be treated as a separate investment project. Three stages such project should considered during the decision-making process, preparation field for exploitation, acquisition raw materials and liquidation following mining activities. During implementation these various stages, evaluation economic efficiency static dynamic methods are taken into account...

we assessed the size and composition of the soil seed bank and above-ground vegetation in 52 relevés representing a range of habitats within an old- growth, temperate deciduous forest at hyrcanian region, northern iran. we identified 63 taxa in the seed bank, with an average density of 4202 seeds/spores per m2 by seedling emergence method. hypericum androsaemum, cardamine impatiens, and rub...

DOI:10.17014/ijog.9.1.119-130 Research on surface geothermal evidence has been done extensively using remote sensing techniques. For detailed exploration areas, UAV and airborne based were preferred over the satellite-based sensor. In this research, anomalies in temperature, mineral occurrence, ammonia emission studied a set of hyperspectral imagery from NASA, Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spe...