In persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS), Müllerian ducts fail to regress in males during sexual differentiation. In the canine miniature schnauzer model, PMDS is caused by a C to T transition in exon 3 of the Müllerian inhibiting substance type II receptor (MISRII), which introduces a DdeI restriction site. Here we report a molecular diagnostic test for PMDS in the miniature schnauzer to i...

in this study, in vitro growth characteristics of fibroblasts of metacarpal region of horses and caspian miniature horses were evaluated. under general anesthesia and aseptic condition, a full thickness skin incision was created on the lateral aspect of mid-third of left metacarpal region of 4 mixed thoroughbred horses and 4 caspian miniature horses and 3 grams of subcutaneous tissue was harves...

1. The application of metabolic inhibitors to nerve-muscle synapses on 'white' and 'red' fibres in the retractor unguis muscles of P. americana and B. giganteus resulted in a dramatic increase in the spontaneous miniature potential discharge and was accompanied by a summation of the miniature potentials to form 'composite' potentials. 2. Axon terminals associated with 'white' muscle fibres resp...

1. Analyses of platelet lipid composition were carried out on material pooled from male and female miniature pigs. 2. The cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio was 0.6. 3. Phosphatidylcholine represents the major class of phospholipids (47%) and phosphatidylinositol the minor (2%). 4. The main fatty acids of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol ...

Interest in the American Miniature Horse has markedly grown and become widespread during the past 10 years. Unfortunately, very little published data, specific to this breed, exist in the literature, so that when presented with a miniature horse stallion, we extrapolate information from published studies of other breeds to investigate the case. This study was designed to determine normal parame...

A miniature Clark-type oxygen sensor has been integrated with a microstructure using a novel fabrication technique. The oxygen chip consists of a glass substrate with a three-electrode configuration, which is separated and connected by a groove, and a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) container with an immobilized PDMS oxygen-permeable membrane. The assembly of the different substrates only uses th...

In this paper we present an active video module that consists of a miniature video sensor, a wireless video transmitter and a pan-tilt mechanism driven by micromotors. The video module is part of a miniature mobile robot that is projected to areas of the environment to be surveyed. A single-chip CMOS video sensor and miniature brushless D.C. gearmotors are used to comply with restrictions impos...

This paper describes a novel miniature robot that can autonomously position recording electrodes inside cortical tissue to isolate and maintain optimal extracellular action potential recordings. The system consists of a novel motorized miniature recording microdrive and a control algorithm. The microdrive was designed for semi-chronic operation and can independently position four electrodes wit...

An endoscopic confocal microscope requires a high-performance, miniaturized microscope objective. We present the design of a miniature water-immersion microscope objective that is approximately 10 times smaller in length than a typical commercial objective. The miniature objective is 7 mm in outer diameter and 21 mm in length (from object to image). It is used in a fiber confocal reflectance mi...

This research focuses on designing, fabricating, and integrating components for a miniature gas chromatograph sensor. A gas chromatograph (GC) is an analytical tool widely used to separate and analyze mixtures of gases. The primary working principle behind a GC is that the different mobilities (rate of diffusion) of different compounds in a separating medium, called the stationary phase, cause ...