Minimally invasive techniques for lumbar spine fusion have been developed in an attempt to decrease the complications related to traditional open exposures (eg, infection, wound healing problems). Anterior minimally invasive procedures include laparoscopic and mini-open anterior lumbar interbody fusion as well as the lateral transpsoas and percutaneous presacral approaches. Posterior techniques...

Unilateral biportal lumbar endoscopic interbody fusion is a relatively new technique in the field of minimally invasive spine surgery. It combines benefits preservation normal anatomy with direct visualization decompression neural elements and endplate preparation for fusion. This results high union rates excellent outcomes patients back pain spinal stenosis from spondylolisthesis while reducin...

Advances in patient selection, surgical techniques, and postoperative care have facilitated spine surgeons to manage complex cases with shorter operative times, reduced hospital stay improved outcomes. We focus this article on a few areas which shown maximum developments management of degenerative cervical myelopathy also throw glimpse into the future ahead. Imaging modalities, decision making,...

This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data, from a group of one hundred-eight patients, who underwent minimally invasive surgical treatment for lumbar stenosis. All patients were operated by single surgeon, consecutive series (n=108). Informed consent was obtained from all patients. All patients were assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain and Oswestery disabilit...

C intraoperative navigation has evolved to become an integral part of spinal surgery (5,38,43). By rendering multiplanar three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction in real-time, modern navigation techniques provide instant visualization of complex spinal anatomy and allow tracking of various surgical instruments within the operative field. Multiple studies have shown that navigation enhances the sa...

Spinal tuberculosis accounts for nearly half of all cases of musculoskeletal tuberculosis. It is primarily a medical disease and treatment consists of a multidrug regimen for 9-12 months. Surgery is reserved for select cases of progressive deformity or where neurological deficit is not improved by anti-tubercular treatment. Technology refinements and improved surgical expertise have improved th...

draw the interviewers' attention to the problems. If you cannot identify any, look again: you have simply missed them. At least one of the questions will tum out to be hopeless despite steps 1 to 8; this is par for the course and not worth losing sleep over. Take pains to achieve a high response rate, especially in postal surveys. If the response rate is poor and you are confident that your que...

Since its early days, cardiac surgery has typically involved large incisions with complete access to the heart and the great vessels. After the popularization of the minimally invasive techniques in general surgery, cardiac surgeons began to experiment with minimal access techniques in the early 1990s. Although the goals of minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) are fairly well established a...