MicroRNA 155 (miR-155) is a key proinflammatory regulator in clinical and experimental rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here we generated a miR-155 genome knockout (GKO) RAW264.7 macrophage cell line using the clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CAS9) technology. While upregulating the Src homology-2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase ...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces profound and lasting neuroinflammation that has both beneficial and detrimental effects. Recent evidence has implicated microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of inflammation both in the periphery and the CNS. We examined the expression of inflammation associated miRNAs in the context of TBI using a mouse controlled cortical impact (CCI) model and found incre...

The molecular response to hypoxia is a critical cellular process implicated in cancer, and a target for drug development. The activity of the major player, HIF1α, is regulated at different levels by various factors, including the transcription factor ELK3. The molecular mechanisms of this intimate connection remain largely unknown. Whilst investigating global ELK3-chromatin interactions, we unc...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by the aberrant expression of a number of genes that govern crucial signaling pathways. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is important in this context, and the precise regulation of expression of members of this axis is known to be lost in HCC. miR-155 is a well-established oncogene in numerous types of cancer. However, to the best of our ...

BACKGROUND & AIM MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Fibrosis is the consequence of chronic tissue damage and inflammation. We hypothesized that deficiency of miR-155, a master regulator of inflammation, attenuates steatohepatitis and fibrosis. METHODS Wild type (WT) and miR-155-deficient (KO) mice were fed methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) or -supplemente...

INTRODUCTION Interleukin (IL)-21 is a key cytokine in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by its regulation of autoantibody production and inflammatory responses. The objective of this study is to investigate the signaling capacity of IL-21 in T and B cells and assess its possible regulation by microRNA (miR)-155 and its target gene suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 ...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that miR-155 regulates monocyte migratory potential via modulation of chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in RA, and thereby is associated with disease activity. METHODS The miR-155 copy-numbers in monocytes from peripheral blood (PB) of healthy (n = 22), RA (n = 24) and RA SF (n = 11) were assessed by real time-PCR using synthetic miR-155 as a quantit...

25 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single stranded small RNA molecules that regulate various cellular 26 processes. miR-155 regulates various aspects of innate and adaptive immune response and plays 27 a key role in various viral infections and resulting neuroinflammation. In the present study, 28 evaluated the involvement of miR-155 in modulating Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV)29 induced neuroinflamm...

Inflammation response plays a critical role in all phases of atherosclerosis (AS). Increased evidence has demonstrated that miR-155 mediates inflammatory mediators in macrophages to promote plaque formation and rupture. However, the precise mechanism of miR-155 remains unclear in AS. Here, we also found that miR-155 and PDCD4 were elevated in the aortic tissue of atherosclerotic mice and ox-LDL...

The mir-155 family is not only involved in a diversity of cancers, but also as a regulator of the immune system. However, the evolutionary history of this family is still unclear. The present study indicates that mir-155 evolved independently with lineage-specific gain of miRNAs. In addition, arm switching has occurred in the mir-155 family, and alternative splicing could produce two different ...