BACKGROUND Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating central nervous system disease caused by JC virus (JCV) reactivation in immunocompromised patients. The disease course of PML is often progressive, fatal and at present, there are few reports on successful treatment outcomes. CASE REPORT A 45-year-old man with systemic sarcoidosis presented with rapidly progressive...

OBJECTIVE Antagonism of the central nervous system inhibitor neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) or serotonergic system activation is an important factor in the pathogenesis of intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus. This study tested the hypothesis that preoperative use of ondansetron, gabapentin or mirtazapine can prevent morphine-induced pruritus. METHODS We randomly allocated 8...

Case report. In 2005, Mr. A, a nonobese 40-year-old man (body mass index = 26 kg/m), developed a syndrome consistent with schizophrenia. He was treated with high doses of risperidone (8 mg); after he subsequently developed a hypokinetic-rigid syndrome, biperiden (2 mg) was added. However, it soon became apparent that the psychosis was followed by a major depressive episode (his Hamilton Rating ...