Non-proliferating cells, such as mature neurons, are generally believed to be more resistant to X-rays than proliferating cells, such as glial and vascular endothelial cells. Therefore, the late adverse effects of radiotherapy on the brain have been attributed to the radiation-induced damage of glial and vascular endothelial cells. However, little is known about the radiosensitivities of neuron...

Excitotoxicity results from prolonged activation of glutamate receptors expressed by cells in the central nervous system (CNS). This cell death mechanism was first discovered in retinal ganglion cells and subsequently in brain neurons. In addition, it has been recently observed that CNS glial cells can also undergo excitotoxicity. Among them, oligodendrocytes are highly vulnerable to glutamate ...

Radial glial cells have been identified as a major source of neurons during development. Here, we review the evidence for the distinct "glial" nature of radial glial cells and contrast these cells with their progenitors, the neuroepithelial cells. Recent results also suggest that not only during neurogenesis in vivo, but also during the differentiation of cultured embryonic stem cells toward ne...

Two classes of glial cells are found in the embryonic Drosophila CNS, midline glial cells and lateral glial cells. Midline glial development is triggered by EGF-receptor signalling, whereas lateral glial development is controlled by the gcm gene. Subsequent glial cell differentiation depends partly on the pointed gene. Here we describe a novel component required for all CNS glia development. Th...

BACKGROUND The anaplastic ganglioglioma (AG) is the high-grade counterpart of ganglioglioma, a rare mixed tumor composed of neuronal/ganglion and glial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We describe the histopathology and immunohistochemistry in 7 cases of AG and correlate them with the clinical and radiological features. RESULTS Our AG patients correspond to 2.5% of the central nervous system tu...

In adult olfactory nerves of mammals and moths, a network of glial cells ensheathes small bundles of olfactory receptor axons. In the developing antennal nerve (AN) of the moth Manduca sexta, the axons of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) migrate from the olfactory sensory epithelium toward the antennal lobe. Here we explore developmental interactions between ORN axons and AN glial cells. Durin...

Glioblastoma multiform is a primary brain tumor derived from glial cells. The aim of this study to investigate how glutamate metabolism regulated by transporter 1 (GLT-1) degradation pathway in glioblastoma and cell lines. protein expression levels GLT-1, total ubiquitin, kinase C (PKC) proteins involved the GLT-1 were measured western blot technique. Additionally, cells, level accumulated medi...