This work studies various types of input/output representations for analytic input/output operators. It is shown that if an operator satisfies an integro-differential input/output equation or an integral one, then it is locally realizable by analytic state space systems. This generalizes the results previously obtained for differential input/output equations to integral and integro-differential...

In the design of a low noise amplifier,LNA, or mixer driver stage there exists an optimal source source impedance to provide the maximum power transfer into the transistor and thus the maximum gain. There also exists an optimal source impedance, Znopt, to provide the minimum noise figure for the circuit. At the maximum power source impedance, Zpopt, the input is matched to the source impedance ...

In this work we present three energy converters which have the same efficiency under certain optimum conditions of performance. The first one is the well-known Curzon-Ahlborn finite-time heat engine. The second one is an infinitetime cycle operating between two thermal bodies with finite heat capacities. The last case is a water mixer working as engine, which is designed with two stationary flu...

To achieve high mixing efficiency in microfluidic devices, complex designs are often required. Microfluidic devices have been evaluated with light and confocal microscopy, but fluid-flow characteristics at different depths are difficult to separate from the en face images produced. By using optical coherence tomography (OCT), an imaging modality capable of imaging 3D microstructures at micromet...

In this paper, we describe the design, fabrication, and the performance of a low-noise dual-polarized quasi-optical superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) mixer at 550 GHz. The mixer utilizes a novel cross-slot antenna on a hyperhemispherical substrate lens, two junction tuning circuits, niobium trilayer junctions, and an IF circuit containing a lumped element 180 hybrid. The antenna con...

The Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) requires low noise SIS receivers for frequencies from about 80 GHz to 950 GHz with a very large IF bandwidth (8 GHz SSB upper or lower sideband, 8 GHz DSB or 4 GHz dual sideband, upper and lower sideband). Since there will be a large number of antennas in the array (currently 64), additional requirements such as high reliability, low cost, and the produ...

This article introduces a four-element 300-GHz-band bi-directional phased-array transceiver (TRX). The TRX utilizes the same antenna, signal path, and local oscillator (LO) circuitry to operate either in transmitter (TX) mode or receiver (RX) mode. TX adopts outphasing technique increase average output power for higher order modulation schemes by utilizing two mixers that are connected directly...

This paper presents the research on a 220 GHz multi circuit inte-grated front end based solid-state circuits. integrated integrates subharmonic mixer, 110 tripler, 8 dB hybrid coupler and waveguide bandpass filter (BPF) in one single block. Compared to traditional transceivers which usually use cascade connection of independent mixers multipliers, size proposed front-end block is 25 mm × 20 mm,...

Tangerang Regency has the largest cattle farm in Banten Province. Animal husbandry business activities can have a positive impact, namely increasing community economic activities, as well negative environmental impacts, livestock waste both solid and liquid waste. Partners this activity are Arafah Agro group Barokah UMKM located Pakulonan Barat Village, Kelapa Dua District, Regency. So far, man...

The first step in dealing with the behavior of an engine on NG mode is the installation of a suitable gas fueling system on the engine. Two generations of gas fueling systems which were studied and installed on research engine were Mixer type and Sequential system type. The results, including performance, emissions and fuel consumption, were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that the...