Word reordering is a difficult task for decoders when the languages involved have a significant difference in syntax. Phrase-based statistical machine translation (PBSMT), preferred in commercial settings due to its maturity, is particularly prone to errors in long range reordering. Source sentence pre-ordering, as a pre-processing step before PBSMT, proved to be an efficient solution that can ...

In this paper we specify the conditions on the parameters of pairs of gOS’s under which the corresponding generalized order statistics are ordered according to usual stochastic ordering, hazard rate ordering, likelihood ratio ordering and dispersive ordering. We consider this problem in one-sample as well as two-sample problems. We show that some of the results obtained by Franco et al. ...

BACKGROUND Visual cross-modal re-organization is a neurophysiological process that occurs in deafness. The intact sensory modality of vision recruits cortical areas from the deprived sensory modality of audition. Such compensatory plasticity is documented in deaf adults and animals, and is related to deficits in speech perception performance in cochlear-implanted adults. However, it is unclear ...

• Limitation of current phrase-based SMT • No mechanism for expressing and using linguistic phrases in reordering • Ordering of target words do not respect linguistic phrase boundaries • Xia and McCord’s solution: • Extract linguistic rewrite rules from corpora • Preprocess source sentences so phrase ordering is similar to that of target language • Perform SMT decoding with monotonic ordering c...

Using CGS4 on UKIRT, we have obtained a 1.95-2.45 μm infrared spectrum of the primary candidate counterpart to the bright Z LMXB GX5-1. IR photometry by Naylor, Charles, & Longmore (1992) and the astrometry of Jonker et al. (2000) had previously identified this star as the most likely counterpart to GX5-1. The spectrum presented here clearly shows Brackett γ and He lines in emission, for the fi...

In this paper, a computationally simple approach for damage localization and quantification in beam-like structures is proposed. This method is based on using modal flexibility curvature (MFC) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Analytical studies in the literature have shown that changes in the modal flexibility curvature can be considered as a sensitive and suitable criterion for...

This paper presents ‘source’ as the distinctive feature for a twofold semantic categorization for Chinese modal expressions. Previous studies have characterized Chinese modals as words used to express the speaker’s opinion or attitude. Yet given the absence of morphological and syntactic distinctions in Chinese, there has been little consensus among different accounts as to within what limit th...

Abstract Task-based language teaching is considered an effective way to achieve a harmony between grammar and communication. The present study investigates two different ways of teaching modal verbs: task-based versus traditional approaches. To this purpose, an Oxford Placement Test was administered to select 40 homogeneous participants out of a larger population who took this test. The selecte...

abstracttask-based language teaching is considered an effective way to achieve a harmony between grammar and communication. the present study investigates two different ways of teaching modal verbs: task-based versus traditional approaches. to this purpose, an oxford placement test was administered to select 40 homogeneous participants out of a larger population who took this test. the selected...

This paper presents a structured, annotated bibliography of extensions of logic programming based on temporal and modal logics. Temporal and modal logic programming is a new area of research, which gained momentum in the late 1980'ies. The paper discusses temporal and modal logic programming under three headings: (1) interval logic programming , (2) temporal logic programming, and (3) modal log...