Abstract—In this paper we extend CSL (Continuous Stochastic Logic) with an expected time and an expected reward operator, both of which are parameterized by a random terminal time. With the help of such operators we can state for example that the expected sojourn time in a set of goal states within some generally distributed delay is at most (at least) some time threshold. In addition, certain ...

due to the scarcity of water resources, the need for sustainable development of drip irrigation tape is essential in iran. a number of drip irrigation tape systems used in sugar beet fields of isfahan and chahar mahal va bakhtiari provinces were evaluated and were compared with furrow irrigation methods in two consecutive years. the actual water use efficiency (wuesy, wuewsy) in lower quarter, ...

III-nitride light-emitting diodes (LEDs) suffer from a severe efficiency reduction with increasing injection current (droop). Auger recombination is often seen as primary cause of this droop phenomenon. The corresponding Auger recombination coefficient C is typically obtained from efficiency measurements using mathematical models. However, C coefficients reported for InGaN active layers vary ov...