Contamination under draping due to leakage of fluid from the surgical field should be avoided to maintain cleanness. A modified draping method was developed using standard draping materials but with an irrigation pouch applied directly to the scalp. The present method prevents fluid leakage along the scalp, increases surgeon comfort, and reduces postoperative room cleaning.

A modified method for rapid sterilisation of the fibrebronchoscope using immersion of the instrument in 0.1% benzalkonium chloride for five minutes followed by a further five minutes' immersion in 96% alcohol was tested both by deliberate contamination of rubber catheters and on bronchoscopes after use in patients. The method proved effective in eliminating a wide range of potentially pathogeni...

A method is described for direct analysis of lead in blood utilizing the carbon rod atomizer. Aliquots of whole blood are analyzed without pre-treatment. Resuits are comparable to those for a similar non-flame technique in which whole blood samples were prediluted with “Triton X-100.” The small sample volumes required and the minimal sample preparation further diminish the possibility of spurio...

BACKGROUND Cyclophosphamide is one of the most commonly used chemotherapy drugs worldwide. Data concerning environmental contamination and biological exposure of pharmacy personnel to this and other chemotherapy drugs are limited. OBJECTIVES To determine whether pharmacy personnel involved in preparing and checking cyclophosphamide doses were more likely to have detectable levels of this drug...

Pre-amplification is a basis for numerous polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols but bears severe contamination risks due to handling of high-copy DNA samples. Therefore we developed a self-contained centrifugal microfluidic system comprising pre-stored reagents; it enables pre-amplification of specific DNA sequences prior to automated aliquoting and real-time PCR in a modified commercial th...

The Journal of Physician Assistant Education | 2007 Vol 18 No 2 INTRODUCTION The stethoscope is a popular instrument used by health care providers to evaluate the lung, heart, and abdominal sounds of their patients. Although clinicians are instructed about microbiology and the importance of maintaining clean medical instruments, the stethoscope may not be thought of as a potential source of nos...

Introduction: Photon contamination is a restriction on treatment with electron that increase dose to healthy tissue below the tumor. The aim of this study is to reduce the photon contamination using a magnet system. Materials and Methods: A mini-applicator equipped with two neodymium boron permanent magnets was designed which make it possible to adjust the d...