OBJECTIVE To systematically review published literature describing the association between reflux and upper airway symptoms in children. DESIGN Structured MEDLINE search of English-language articles published since 1966. SUBJECTS We selected articles examining reflux in conjunction with stridor, apnea, sudden infant death syndrome, life-threatening events, and laryngomalacia. Studies that f...

We analyzed the frequency of vesicoureteral reflux and the factors that favor its appearance after kidney transplantation in pediatric patients. This retrospective analysis examined the prevalence of post-transplant vesicoureteral reflux in a total of 181 kidney transplants performed in children at our center between 1978 and 2004. In patients who required corrective surgery for this problem, w...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may occur with acid, bile or in a mixed form. Endoscopic injury and mucosal metaplasia are a known sequelae to pathological GERD. The aim of the study was to determine the contribution of acid and duodenogastroesophageal reflux to endoscopic severity in patients with GERD and Barrett's esophagus (BE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-one pati...

OBJECTIVE To describe the natural history of intraocular pressure (IOP) within the first 30 minutes after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA). DESIGN Prospective, interventional, consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-eight consecutive patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml (4 mg) of TA were studied. METHOD...

Preoperative venous duplex scanning has revealed unexpected deep venous incompetence in patients with apparently only varicose veins. Acting on the hypothesis that the deep vein reflux was secondary to deep vein dilation caused by reflux volume, the following was done. Between July 1990 and April 1993, 29 limbs in 21 patients (16 females) were examined by color-flow duplex imaging to determine ...

The production of appropriate genetically modified organisms (GMOs) offers considerable opportunities for more efficient and more effective aquaculture across a wide range of species. Although this potential is being realized in crop production with over 60 million hectares under cultivation, there has been no commercial use of GMOs in aquaculture. Here we review the nature of GMOs, the range o...

BACKGROUND Mutations in the FOXC2 gene cause lymphedema distichiasis, an inherited primary lymphedema in which a significant number of patients have varicose veins. Because lymphedema distichiasis is believed to be caused by lymphatic valve failure (reflux), and FOXC2 is highly expressed on venous valves in mouse embryos, we tested the hypothesis that FOXC2 mutations may be linked to venous val...

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that disturbed activity of the autonomic nervous system is one of the factors involved in gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in adults. We sought to establish whether transient ANS dysfunction (as assessed by heart rate variability) is associated with the occurrence of GER events in neonates during sleep and wakefulness. METHODS Nineteen neonates with suspected GER...