A deep inspiration (DI) temporarily relaxes agonist-constricted airways in normal subjects, but in asthma airways are refractory and may rapidly renarrow, possibly due to changes in the structure and function of airway smooth muscle (ASM). Chronic largely uniaxial cyclic strain of ASM cells in culture causes several structural and functional changes in ASM similar to that in asthma, including i...

The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a soft biological tissue which shows a strongly nonlinear and time dependent mechanical behavior. Recent experiments on rabbit PDL revealed that the rate of stress relaxation is strain dependent. This nonlinear behavior of PDL cannot be described well by the separable quasi linear viscoelasticity theory which is usually used in tissue biomechanics. Therefore, P...

The phonon dispersion relations calculated by atomic model: shell model and ab initio, and by microcontinuum theory are introduced in this paper. It is found that both atomic models and microcontinuum theory can describe the common feature of phonon dispersion relation for the crystal having more than one atom per primitive cell and can give a good fit to the experimentally measured data. The o...

Modifying stress-strain curves is one of the important topics in mechanical engineering and materials science. Real stress-strain curves should be modified after necking point as stress becomes three-dimensional after creation of throat, and consequently, equivalent stress should be used instead of axial one. Also, distribution of triple stresses across throat section is not uniform anymore, an...