This paper presents a general 8th-order PDE method to generate Bézier surfaces from the boundary with position and tangent vector information. We extend the work on generating biharmonic Bézier surfaces by Monterde to generating Bézier surfaces based on a general 4th-order PDE. And further the results are extended to generate tetraharmonic Bézier surfaces by a general 8th-order PDE. The solutio...

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important modulator of platelet responses to agonists. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) controls intracellular cAMP concentrations by hydrolyzing it to AMP. The major PDE activity in platelets is PDE3A (cyclic guanosine monophosphate [cGMP]-inhibited PDE). To obtain structural information on platelet PDE3A, we cloned the enzyme cDNA from a hu...

Amplitudes of cardiac contractions initiated by Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) are proportional to the magnitude of Ca2+ current (ICa-L). However, large contractions accompanied by little inward current have been reported in some but not all studies in which cells were dialyzed with different analogs of cAMP. This study compares the effects of different phosphodiesterase (PDE)-resistant and P...

Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been shown to increase cyclic AMP in PC12 cells and to potentiate the actions of other agents that raise cyclic AMP. In our studies, NGF causes over 50% loss of PDE 2 activity (cyclic GMP-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase) in PC12 cells within 24 h. After 72 h of NGF treatment, cyclic AMP hydrolysis in PC12 extracts is no longer cyclic GMP-stimulated. ...

It is known that cAMP and cGMP are important for vasorelaxation, and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate their levels. Balloon angioplasty (BAL) is associated with reduced cAMP and cGMP levels, and inhibition of PDE-3 reduces restenosis. In this study, we found that BAL increased PDE-3 activity, which affected vasoreactivity of rat aortic rings 24-h post-BAL; these were compare...

A method for assaying a novel phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, 2-aryl-7(3',4'-dialkoxyphenyl)-pyrazolo [1,5-alpha] pyrimidine (PDE-310), was developed and validated in rat plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Rat plasma samples were processed by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and injected onto the LC-MS-MS system for quantification. PDE-310 and imip...

PURPOSE We previously demonstrated that 350 bp of the human rod cGMP phosphodiesterase beta-subunit (beta-PDE) gene promoter are sufficient to direct high levels of gene expression in human Y-79 retinoblastoma cells in vitro. In this study the cell specificity and expression pattern conferred by the short beta-PDE 5' flanking sequence in vivo were examined. METHODS A construct containing the ...

PDE surfaces, which are defined as solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs), offer many modeling advantages in surface blending, free-form surface modeling, and specifying surface s aesthetic or functional requirements. Despite the earlier advances of PDE surfaces, previous PDE-based techniques exhibit certain difficulties such as lack of interactive sculpting capabilities and restrai...

PURPOSE The carcinogenic capacity of B[a]P/B[a]PDE is supported by epidemiologic studies. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for B[a]P/B[a]PDE-caused lung cancer have not been well investigated. We evaluated here the role of novel target PHLPP2 in lung inflammation and carcinogenesis upon B[a]P/B[a]PDE exposure. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used the Western blotting, RT-PCR, [(35)S]methi...

We present a spectrally accurate embedded boundary method for solving linear, inhomogeneous, elliptic partial differential equations (PDE) in general smooth geometries two dimensions, focusing this manuscript on the Poisson, modified Helmholtz, and Stokes equations. Unlike several recently proposed methods which rely function extension, we propose instead utilizes intension, or truncation of kn...